基于三阶段DEA与Tobit回归模型的收费公路行业运营模式双轨制效率研究  

Research on Efficiency of Toll Road Dual-track Operation System Based on Three Stage DEA and Tobit Regression Model

作　　者：徐海成[1] 王毅[1,2] 贾锐宁 XU Hai-cheng WANG Yi JIA Rui-ning(School of Economics and Management, Chang＇an University, Xi＇an 710064, Shaanxi, China Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Department, Xi＇an 710075, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064 [2]陕西省交通运输厅,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2017年第9期125-132,共8页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(13BJY123)

摘　　要：针对收费公路行业双轨制运营模式的选择问题,对政府还贷公路与经营性公路的运营效率差异进行了实证研究。收集2014年和2015年的混合截面数据,采用三阶段DEA方法对29个省级行政区的收费公路运营效率进行测度,并使用Tobit回归模型分析政府还贷公路对行业整体运营效率的影响,以此比较政府还贷公路与经营性公路的效率差别。研究结果表明:双轨制下收费公路行业的整体运营效率不高,仅为0.717,远低于铁路运输企业与高速公路上市公司;一阶段与三阶段DEA结果差异很小,即外生环境因素不能解释运营环节的低效问题,行业运营低效可能内生于管理体制;政府还贷公路比例的增多对行业整体运营效率有显著的负面影响,即政府还贷公路运营效率较经营性公路差;重新界定政府行业主管部门的职能与角色定位以实现体制创新是短期内改革的重点;完善特许经营制度与加强PPP模式的力度与范围以保障政府还贷公路存量与增量向经营性公路的有序转变是长期改革中的必经之路。Aiming at the choice of the dual-track operation model of toll road industry, an empirical research was conducted to explore the operational efficiency differences between the government loan-repayment road and the operating road. On the basis of the pooled cross-section data from 2014 to 2015, three stage DEA was adopted to measure the operational efficiency of toll roads of 29 provin ces in China, whilst Tobit regression model was adopted to analyze the effect of government loan-repayment road on overall operation efficiency. In this way, the differences of the efficiency between government loan-repayment road and operating road were compared. The results indicate that the overall operation efficiency of toll road industry under the dual-track system is just 0. 717, far less than that of the railroad transport enterprises and highway listed companies. The differences between the first stage DEA results and third stage DEA results are not obvious, that is to say, operation inefficiency mainly results from the inner management system rather than exogenous environmental factors. The increasing proportion of the government loan-repayment road has a significantly negative impact on the operation efficiency of the whole industry. In other words, the operation efficiency of the government loan-repayment road is lower than that of the operating road. The key point of the reform in the short term is to realize system innovation by redefining the function and role of competent authority of the industry. What＇s more, it is necessary to improve the franchise system and enforce the PPP model to ensure the ordering transition from government loan-repayment road to operating road in the long-term reform.

关 键 词：交通工程 运营效率 三阶段DEA 运营模式 收费公路 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]