网链式花生地残膜回收机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of network chain type residual plastic film collector for peanut field

作　　者：徐弘博[1] 胡志超[1] 吴峰[1] 顾峰玮[1] 魏海[1] 颜建春[1] Xu Hongbo Hu Zhichao Wu Feng Gu Fengwei Wei Hai Yan Jianchun(Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 21 O014, China)

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第17期1-9,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"残膜污染农田综合治理技术方案"(201503105_08);中国农业科学院创新工程土下果实收获机械

摘　　要：针对现有花生地残膜回收设备存在的漏膜、回膜、缠膜等问题,设计一种网链式花生地残膜回收机,主要工作部件包括挖掘铲、升运网链、碎土辊、双作用激振装置、集膜装置等,可一次性完成挖掘起膜、输膜、清土和集膜作业。根据升运网链的结构特性,建立其残膜支撑度与土壤通过性的数学模型,通过分析计算验证了网链结构用于残膜输送的优势;设计了可自由浮动的碎土辊,并对其工作压力进行力学分析,得出其结构参数;运用ADAMS软件对双作用激振装置进行仿真,确定其结构尺寸与振动幅度为25 mm;开发了升运角可调的二级升运网链,在完成残膜输送的同时可使黏性土块沿网链滚落,对二级升运网链的有效分离长度和升运角调节范围进行了设计;为实现高效卸膜,设计了液压驱动的集膜装置,并对液压缸参数进行了计算校核。田间试验结果表明,当机具前行速度1.0 m/s、挖掘深度100 mm、一级升运网链线速度2.0 m/s、二级升运网链线速度2.2 m/s、双作用激振装置频率10 Hz时,收膜率为91.5%,含土率为17.2%,能够满足花生地残膜回收需求。研究方法与结果可为相关装备研发提供参考。Film-mulching cultivation technique is widely used in China due to its advantage of tremendously increasing the yield of cr2 ops. In recent years, the application area of film-mulching cultivation technique has expanded to about 25 million hm. However, the soil and environment pollution associated with its extensive application becomes an issue which needs to be appropriately considered. As a type of typical film-mulching planting crops in China, peanuts attain the average plastic film residual quantity in the main producing areas to 32.0kg/hm^2. In general, the residual quantity increases yearly as the plastic file is difficult to dissolve, resulting in the excess of the farmland film residue limit standard for peanut if no effective treatment being involved. Chain-rod type plastic film residue collector has the feature of high productivity, excellent soil removing ability and can collect the underground plastic film, but when it is used to collect residual plastic film for peanut field, there are plastic film leakage, back and twine problems in the process of conveying. Thus, a network chain type residual plastic film collector for peanut field was designed, which had better work performance in collecting peanut plastic film. According to the design of the critical components of the collector, the structural styles, assembly modes and operation parameters of key working parts, including digging shovel, network chain, soil broken roller, double-acting excitation device and collecting film device, were ascertained respectively. The mathematical models of residual film supporting degree and soil passing ability of chain-rod structure and network chain structure were founded and analyzed respectively. The analysis showed that the network chain structure had a better residual film supporting degree but slightly worse soil passing ability when compared to the chain-rod structure, indicating the conveying advantage of network chain structure. Based on the theoretical working pressure calculation, a soil broken roller

关 键 词：塑料薄膜 设计 试验 残膜回收机 网链 分析 

分 类 号：S223.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]