葡萄需冷量和需热量估算模型及设施促早栽培品种筛选  

Grape chilling requirement estimated models and heat requirement estimated models and selection of early cultivars in greenhouse

作　　者：王海波[1] 刘凤之[1] 韩晓[1] 谢计蒙[1] 王孝娣[1] 王宝亮[1] Wang Haibo Liu Fengzhi Han Xiao Xie Wang Xiaodi Wang Baoliang(Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,兴城125100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第17期187-193,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-RIP-04);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-30-zp);国家自然科学基金(41101573)

摘　　要：为进一步明确不同模型对葡萄需冷量和需热量的估算效果,并筛选出适宜设施促早栽培的葡萄品种,首先利用≤7.2℃模型、0~7.2℃模型和犹他模型等需冷量估算模型与生长度小时模型和有效积温模型等需热量估算模型分别估算22个供试葡萄品种的需冷、需热量;然后比较不同模型估算结果的年际间变异系数,筛选出最适需冷、需热量估算模型;最后将不同品种的需冷量和需热量聚类分析,筛选出适于设施促早栽培的品种。结果表明:对于供试葡萄品种需冷量的估算,以犹他模型效果最好;对于需热量的估算,采用有效积温模型更为适宜、简单实用。供试葡萄品种中高需冷量品种明显多于低需冷量品种,低需热量品种明显多于高需热量品种。其中无核早红、87-1、莎巴珍珠、香妃和红香妃等5个品种的需冷、需热量均低,花期早、更有利于产期调节,适宜设施促早栽培。In order to verify the estimated result of different chilling requirement estimation models and heat requirement estimation models, and screen the early maturing cultivars which are suitable for planting in protected cultivation, 3 different estimation models（≤7.2 ℃ model, the 0-7.2 ℃ model and the Utah model） for estimating chilling requirements and 2different estimation models（the growing degree hour model and the effective accumulated temperature model） for estimating heat requirements were used and compared with 22 grape cultivars for 3 years. The experimental materials include Hongqitezaomeigui, Zizhenxiang, Wuhezaohong, Hongbiaowuhe, 87-1, Cardinal, Centenial Seedless, Pearl of Csaba, Otilia,Xiangfei, Hongxiangfei, Hongshuangwei, Kyoho, Superior Seedless, Jingya, Jumeigui, Fujiminori, Bronx Seedless, Mars Seedless, Summer Black, Jingxiu and Yatomi Rosa, which were grafted on Bata. They are planted in the grape center technology demonstration areas of Fruit Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences（Xingcheng,Liaoning Province, 120.51°E, 40.45°N）. Their planting distance and row spacing are 0.5 and 1 m, respectively, double-plant plantation, horizontal dragon shape with vertical leaf canopy. Among the 3 chilling requirement models, the annual variation coefficient of chilling requirement for each grape variety was the smallest in the Utah model, followed by the 0-7.2 ℃ model,and the ≤7.2 ℃ model was the largest. The annual variation coefficient of heat requirement for each grape variety was both small in the growing degree hour model and the effective accumulated temperature model. Considering the ease of calculation,we suggested to use the effective accumulated temperature model. All in all, for the chilling requirement calculation of different grape cultivars in greenhouse, the results from the Utah model are the best. For the heat requirement calculation of different grape cultivars in greenhouse, the effective accumulated temperature model was suggested to be

关 键 词：果实 栽培 模型 需冷量 需热量 生长度小时 有效积温 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]