水生植物堆肥替代部分氮肥提高水稻产量与稻田土壤肥力  

Partial nitrogen fertilizer substitution by aquatic plant compost to improve rice yield and paddy soil fertility

作　　者：陶玥玥[1,2] 金梅娟 汤云龙[3] 朱兴连 陆长婴[1,2] 王海候 施林林[1,2] 周新伟[1,2] 沈明星[1,2] Tao Yueyue Jin Meijuan Tang Yunlong Zhu Xinglian Lu Changying Wang Haihou Shi Linlin Zhou Xinwei Shen Mingxing(Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District/Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215155, China Key Scientific Observation ＆ Experiment Station Paddy Field Eco-environment, Suzhou, Ministry of Agriculture, Suzhou 215155, China Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所/苏州市农业科学院,苏州215155 [2]农业部苏州水稻土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,苏州215155 [3]扬州大学农学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第18期196-202,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题任务(2016YFD0300207-03);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)-1003-11);江苏省自然科学青年基金(BK20170325)

摘　　要：为评价太湖流域水生植物堆肥对水稻产量及稻田土壤肥力效应,在太湖流域典型稻田连续进行4a的田间定位试验,比较在等氮条件下不同比例的水生植物有机堆肥替代处理(有机氮替代率分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)引起的水稻籽粒产量、产量构成因子、氮磷钾吸收量以及土壤碳氮含量和pH值变化。结果表明:与单施尿素相比,水生植物有机堆肥与尿素配施利于水稻产量的提高,并随着有机肥替代率增加,水稻产量呈先增后降;当有机肥替代率达40%和60%时产量最高。单施有机肥和单施尿素处理水稻籽粒产量相当。单施有机肥显著降低了有效穗数,有机肥和尿素配合施用则可减轻甚至消除这一效应;有机肥替代率在40%和60%时,有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率均较高。随着有机肥施用量增加,水稻秸秆氮浓度降低,籽粒氮浓度无影响;水稻磷浓度和吸收量均无显著差异;有机肥与尿素配施均显著提高了秸秆钾吸收量,有机肥替代率在80%时可显著提高籽粒钾吸收量。表层土壤全氮和有机碳含量及土壤pH值均与有机肥替代率呈显著正相关关系。有机肥-尿素配施处理下土壤全氮和有机碳均较4 a前显著提高。有机肥替代率为80%和100%,土壤pH值较试验前土壤分别显著升高。由此可见,水生植物有机肥与尿素配施可以提高太湖稻作区水稻产量,增加土壤有机质含量和减缓土壤酸化程度,可作为太湖稻作区一项环保型施肥技术。In order to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer based on aquatic plant composting on the rice yield and paddy soil properties, a four-year field experiment was carried out in the typical paddy field of the Tai Lake region. The four-year field experiment was composed of different combinations of organic nitrogen substitute of aquatic plant compost and mineral urea, and it included 6 treatments whose proportions of organic nitrogen were 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of total nitrogen amount, respectively; and for all the treatments, the total nitrogen inputs were the same. Grain yield, yield components, the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice straw and grain as well as the concentration of soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen and pH value in the top soil layer were measured. Our study revealed the following findings： Firstly, compared to mineral urea alone, combined application of both organic fertilizer of aquatic plant composting and mineral urea had a good potential to improve the grain yield of rice, and with the increase of organic fertilizer ratio, rice yield tended to increase first and then afterwards decrease. When the replacement of organic fertilizer was 40% and 60% of total nitrogen, the rice yield reached the highest point. Applying organic fertilizer alone had similar grain yield of rice as the treatment of applying urea alone. Secondly, the number of productive tillers was significantly reduced with sole organic fertilizer, while the phenomenon could be diminished or eliminated by combined application of compost and mineral urea. The parameters including the number of productive tillers, spikelets per panicle and percentage of filled grains were all relatively higher when the organic nitrogen substitutes were at the ratio of 40% and 60% of total nitrogen input. Thirdly, with the increase of organic fertilizer application, the nitrogen concentration in straw was decreased, while no pronounced effect was found for the nitrogen concentration in grain. Furthermore, no sig

关 键 词：氮 土壤 肥料 太湖地区 水稻产量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S153.62[农业科学—农业基础科学]