崩落采矿法挤压爆破质量控制方法的实验  

Experiment of Ore Blasting Quality Control Technology of Extrusion Blasting in Caving Method

作　　者：明建[1,2] 高永涛[1,2] 胡乃联[1,2] 谢经鹏 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《实验室研究与探索》2017年第9期10-13,共4页Research and Exploration In Laboratory

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51374032);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAB01B04);中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-OT-16-015ST)

摘　　要：为提高崩落采矿法挤压爆破作业中的爆破质量,应用物理模拟实验法和数值模拟实验法对中深孔挤压爆破质量控制方法进行了实验。基于矿岩爆破破碎机理和相似理论,优化了实验方案,设计了实验工艺流程和实验装置。进行了可爆性实验、物理相似材料模拟爆破实验和三维数值模拟爆破实验,对不同装药结构和爆速条件下岩体的破坏效果、应力场变化和爆破能量释放规律进行了研究。实验结果表明:较高爆速炸药在应力作用、裂隙形成和破坏效果方面均优于低爆速炸药,孔底起爆和孔内布设全长导爆索有利于改善爆破质量。实验成果可以为中深孔挤压爆破质量控制技术的实验研究和实验设计提供依据。In order to improve ore blasting quality in the blasting operation of caving, physical simulation experiment and numerical simulation experiment are used to study the ore blasting quality control technology of caving method. Based on the mechanism of ore rock fragmentation by blasting and the similarity theory, the experimental scheme was optimized, and the experimental process and devices were designed. By means of the ore rock blast ability experiment, the physical simulation experiment and the three-dimensional numerical simulation experiment are carried out, the experiment study with different explosive detonation velocities and charge structures gives the change law of the blasting effect on the ore rock, the distribution law of stress field and the energy release law of explosive blasting. Experimental results showed that the effect of stress, the crack forming and the damage effect of the explosion of the higher detonation velocity are better than those of the explosion of the low detonation velocity. The hole-bottom detonating technique and the arrangement of the prima cord in full length of the blasting hole can improve the quality of blasting. Experimental results can provide the basis and support for the experimental study and experimental design of the ore blasting quality control technology of caving method.

关 键 词：崩落采矿法 崩矿质量 物理模拟实验 数值模拟实验 

分 类 号：TD851[矿业工程—金属矿开采]