热风-微波耦合干燥天然橡胶的结构与性能  

Natural Rubber for Hot Air and Microwave Coupled Drying and Its Structure and Properties

作　　者：高宏华[1] 张新儒[2] 刘成岑[2] 王永洪[2] 校现周 罗世巧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所农业部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室及农业部儋州热带作物科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737 [2]太原理工大学化学化工学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第9期1986-1990,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室开放基金(RRI-KLOF201606);中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所基本科研业务费专项(1630022015008)

摘　　要：【目的】为解决热风干燥天然橡胶工艺存在生产效率低和微波干燥容易产生过热焦烧的缺点,本文采用热风-微波耦合干燥技术生产质量稳定的天然橡胶,有望达到工业化的要求。【方法】实验先使天然橡胶热风干燥至含水率为5.92%,然后,改用微波干燥至质量恒重。研究了热风-微波耦合干燥对天然橡胶生胶性能、分子量、及其硫化胶物理机械性能和耐热老化性能的影响。【结果】研究结果表明:热风-微波耦合干燥对橡胶的生胶性能影响不大,仅挥发物含量和塑性初值略有降低;随着微波功率增加,天然橡胶的物理机械性能和耐热氧老化性能均稍微降低;与热风干燥相比,900 W微波作用后,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率分别从18.87 MPa和966%降到17.4 MPa和850%,而拉伸强度变化率和扯断伸长率变化率分别从-18.88%和-41.75%降到-49.06%和-80.37%。【结论】这是因为微波作用使天然橡胶分子链断裂和蛋白质分解。[ Objective ] Natural rubber for hot air drying technology has low production efficiency, whereas the microwave brings about scorched rubber easily. Herein, the hot air and microwave coupled drying technology was adopted to product quality stable natural rubber in order to meet the industrialization requirements. [ Method] The moisture content of raw natural rubber was reduced to 5.92 % using hot air drying firstly, and then the mass weight reached constant by utilizing microwave drying. The effects of the hot air and microwave coupled dr- ying on raw rubber properties, molecular weight, mechanical properties and thermo-oxidative aging resistance of vulcanizates were investiga- ted. [ Result ] The raw rubber properties changed a little, in which only volatile matter content and plastic initial value were reduced slightly. The mechanical properties and thermo-oxidative aging resistance of vulcanizates were reduced slightly with increasing microwave power. In comparison with air hot drying, the tensile strength and elongation at break were reduced from 18.87 MPa and 966 % to 17.4 MPa and 850 % after 900 W microwave heating, whereas their the change rate were reduced from -18.88 % and -41.75 % to -49.06 % and -80. 37 %, respectively. [ Conclusion ] These changes were attributed to natural rubber molecular chain rupture and protein decomposition.

关 键 词：热风-微波干燥 天然橡胶 耦合干燥 结构 性能 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]