不同浓度秋水仙素对二倍体野生蕉的多倍体诱导  

Polyploid Induction of Diploid Wild Banana by Different Concentrations Colchicine

作　　者：孙嘉曼[1] 卢江[1] 韦绍龙[2] 韦弟[2] 李朝生[2] 张进忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院生物技术研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第9期2097-2107,共11页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660560);广西自然科学基金项目(2016GXNSFBA380045);广西农业科学院基本业务专项项目(桂农科2017YM32);广西八桂学者专项经费项目([2013]3号)

摘　　要：【目的】通过多倍体诱变育种获得香蕉新型育种资源,为栽培种三倍体香蕉进行种质创新提供参考。【方法】以二倍体野生蕉种子为材料,诱导种子萌发并产生胚性愈伤组织,利用不同浓度秋水仙素对愈伤组织进行不同时间的诱变处理。对获得的蕉苗进行多倍体筛选与鉴定。【结果】秋水仙素处理胚性愈伤组织后其敏感性较高,出现不同程度的死亡。0.2%(w/v)浓度的秋水仙素溶液处理10 d诱导效果较好,致死率为20.29%,诱变率为12.33%。通过染色体倍性检测,获得16株加倍成功的纯合四倍体小苗,诱变处理获得的纯合四倍体植株可以作为种质创新的中间材料。【结论】通过秋水仙素处理二倍体野生蕉胚性愈伤组织的方法,可有效进行多倍体的诱导,并获得加倍成功的四倍体,可作为抗病品种培育的重要种质创新材料。[ Objective] The new breeding resources of banana were obtained by polyploid mutagenesis, which provided reference for germ-plasm innovation of cultivated triploid bananas. [ Method ] The diploid wild banana seeds were used as materials to germinate and induce togenerate embryonic callus. The embryonic callus were treated with colchicine at different concentrations and induction times. The obtainedpolyploidy banana seedlings were screened and identified. [ Result]The embryogenic callus were relatively sensitive to higher concentrationof colchicines solutions, different degree of death was appeared in which those of 0.2 % colchlcines with a treatment duration of 10 days hada better induction effect, presenting that a mortality rate was 20.29 %, and the variation rate was 12.33 %. Sixteen induced tetraploidseedlings were identified through the detection of Chromosome ploidy finally. The homozygous tetraploid plants obtained by the mutagenictreatment could be used as an intermediate material for germplasm innovation. [ Conclusion] The treatment of diploid wild banana embryogen-ic callus by colchicine could effectively carry out polyploid induction and obtain the successful tetraploid, which could be used as an impor-tant germplasm resource for cultivating disease-resistant variety.

关 键 词：二倍体野生蕉 秋水仙素 多倍体诱导 倍性检测 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]