富水断层隧道涌水特征试验  

Model test on water gushing characteristics of tunnel in water-rich fault

作　　者：吴昊[1] 杨晓华[1] 陈星宇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064 [2]云南省交通规划设计研究院,云南昆明650011

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期73-80,共8页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51378071);广西壮族自治区科技攻关项目(桂科攻10124006-10)

摘　　要：为探究隧道穿越富水断层破碎带过程中各工况下掌子面安全厚度、涌水量以及水压力的变化特征,以模型试验和数值模拟为主要手段,研究隧道在无地表水补给无注浆、有地表水补给无注浆、有地表水补给有注浆这3种工况下各测量值的变化规律。模型试验以实际工况为基础,设计1个尺寸相似比为1∶80的模型试验系统,其包括渗流系统、控水系统、测量系统和注浆系统4个部分,采用量纲分析法确定各物理力学参数的相似关系,模拟在重力场作用下隧道的涌水特征;数值模拟分析域在X(横向)、Y(竖向)和Z(纵向)方向上的长度分别为240、48、160m,隧道埋深约为80m,普通围岩为Ⅴ级,断层破碎带为Ⅵ级。研究结果表明:地表水补给可显著增加隧道涌水的可能性,模型试验中,有地表水补给较无地表水补给隧道涌水量增加了128.6%,掌子面安全厚度增加了6倍;采用预注水泥浆的方法可在一定范围内改善施工过程中的涌水情况,但不能将涌水量降到正常范围内,还应采取其他必要措施;围岩中的孔隙水压力呈现出以隧道为轴心的降落漏斗分布,涌水量和水压力值突变点即为掌子面临界安全厚度,为保证施工安全,建议无地表水补给无注浆时掌子面安全厚度取0.8~1.6m,有地表水补给无注浆时掌子面安全厚度取2.4~4.8m,有地表水补给有注浆时掌子面安全厚度取1.6~3.2m。In order to explore and research the change features of safety thickness of tunnel face, inflow of water and water pressures under various working conditions in the process of tunnel crossing the water-rich fault fracture zone, this paper researched the change law of measured values under three working conditions of no surface water supplying without grouting, surface water supplying without grouting and surface water supplying with grouting by means of model test and numerical simulation. A model test system was designed in the model test with a size similarity ratio of 1 ＂ 80 on the basis of actual working conditions, including seepage system, water control system, measurement system and grouting system. The similarity relation of each physical and mechanical parameter was determined by the dimensional analysis method, and water gushing characteristics of the tunnel under the action of gravity field, length of the simulation area were 240, 48 and 160 m in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively. T depth was about 80 m, the ordinary rock was V grade and the fault fracture zone was The results show that surface water supply can significantly increase the possibility water gushing. In the model test, tunnel water inflow with surface water supply inc numerical he tunnel VI grade. of tunnel reases by 128.6% compared to that without surface water supply, and the safety thickness of tunnel face increases by 6 times. The pre-filled slurry method can improve the water gushing situation during the construction process in a certain range, while the water inflow cannot be reduced to a normal range, so other necessary measures should be taken. The pore water pressure in the surrounding rock displays a cone of depression distribution with tunnel as the axis. Water inflow and catastrophe point of water pressure value are the critical safety thickness of tunnel face. To ensure the construction safety, the safety thickness of tunnel face is recommended to be 0.8 to 1.6 m for no surface water supply without grouting, 2.4 to 4.

关 键 词：隧道工程 模型试验 富水断层 涌水 数值模拟 防突层 

分 类 号：U451[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]