领悟拉丁美洲的相似性和差异性——读《拉丁美洲的政治与发展》  

Review on Latin American Politics and Development(8th edition)

作　　者：张森根[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年第4期139-146,158,共8页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：《拉丁美洲的政治与发展》自1979年问世以来,被公认为是一本深入了解拉丁美洲的入门书。作者善于把握拉丁美洲各国的相似性与差异性、共性与独特性、统一性与多样性。作者指出,拉美有共同的历史背景,保持着许多共同的特征,然而由于地理、地貌、资源、种族混合等原因,每个国家都有不同的发展路径,而且变得越来越不同。传统与现代之间,连续性(传统)与变革之间,威权主义与民主制度之间,重商主义、资本主义与社会主义之间,第一世界的诉求与第三世界的现状之间不断产生冲撞、摩擦,国家之间的多样性明显增强。作者认为,如果拉丁美洲国家希望在21世纪拥有竞争力,它们必须在政治和经济两大领域继续推进改革。拉美最终会探索出符合其自身情况的民主制度和混合经济制度,但难免会走一段漫长、曲折的路程。本书的不足之处在于,对美国作为一个强邻对拉美政治与发展的影响缺乏总体而系统的分析,个别国别部分(如关于墨西哥的章节)叙述功力不够、重点不突出。Since the publication of its first edition in 1979,the book Latin American Politics and Development(8th edition)has been well-recognized as a brief but insightful introduction to Latin America.The authors are very good at illustrating the similarities and differences,commonality and particularity,uniformity and diversity among Latin American countries.They argue that Latin American countries with similar historical characters have experienced and are experiencing more diversified development paths,owing to the diversity in their geographies,landscapes,resources and mixed races.As for the general development trend of Latin America,there are increasing conflicts between tradition and modernity,continuity and reform,authoritarianism and democracy,and mercantilism,capitalism and socialism,thus further enhancing the diversity of regional countries.The authors conclude that if Latin American countries hope to increase their competitiveness in the 21st century,they must continue their political and economic reform so as to achieve a kind of democracy and mixed economic structure corresponding to their national conditions,even though there may be twists and turns ahead.Having said that,it is a pity that the authors failed to make a systematic analysis about the impacts of the United States as a powerful neighbor on Latin American development.

关 键 词：政治 发展 改革 相似性 多样性 混合经济 自由主义民主 

分 类 号：D777[政治法律—政治学]