土壤-蔬菜系统中砷转移规律的研究  

Regular Pattern of Arsenic Transferring Movement in Soil-vegetable System

作　　者：黄瑞卿 

机构地区：[1]福州市农产品质量安全检验检测中心,福建福州350001

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2017年第27期12-16,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探究砷在土壤-蔬菜系统中的转移规律。[方法]采用氢化物原子荧光光度法测定福建省8个县、区的20多个品种蔬菜样品和对应耕作层土壤样品砷含量。[结果]采样区耕作层土壤全砷含量在0.94~25.27 mg/kg,平均值为5.91 mg/kg,未超过国家二级标准。采样区耕作层土壤有效砷含量在0.21~2.86 mg/kg,平均为0.84 mg/kg。蔬菜可食用部分砷含量在未检出~0.163 mg/kg。其中,水生类蔬菜、绿叶类蔬菜砷含量较高,豆类、瓜类、根茎类和茄果类砷含量较低,所有蔬菜的砷含量均低于食品安全国家标准,表明采样区蔬菜未遭受明显砷污染。大多数蔬菜品种可食用部分砷含量分别与土壤全砷含量、土壤有效砷含量之间存在显著正相关关系。用转移系数来表示蔬菜对砷的吸收能力,发现转移系数有随土壤全砷含量的提高而减小的趋势,主要呈乘幂关系。但转移系数基本不随有效砷含量的变化而变化。通过DPS统计软件的聚类分析可按转移系数(全量基和有效基)中位值把蔬菜对土壤全砷和有效砷的转移能力分为3类:即低转移能力、中等转移能力和高转移能力。[结论]研究结果为正确评价、预报、预测福建省土壤及蔬菜砷污染提供了理论依据。[Objective] The aim was to study the regular pattern of Arsenic transferring movement in the soil and vegetable. [Method]We utilized Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrum to determinate the Arsenic content between more than 20 varieties of vegetable 's samples and their corresponding farming layer of soils in the area of 8 counties and districts of Fujian Province. [Result] The total Arsenic contents inside of the soils were in the range of 0. 94-25. 27 mg/kg and in average of 5. 91 mg/kg,in that did not exceed the National Secondary Standards. The effective Arsenic contents inside of the soils were in the range of 0. 21-2. 86 mg/kg and in the average of 0. 84 mg/kg. And the edible Arsenic contents in vegetable were in the range of not detected-0. 163 mg/kg. Among them,the Arsenic contents of Aquatic Vegetables and Green Leafy Vegetables were much more higher comparing with the Arsenic contents of beans,melons,rhizome and eggplant,whose were quite lower. Moreover,the Arsenic contents of all vegetables were lower than the National Food Safety Standards,indicating that the sampling areas of vegetables did not suffer from significant Arsenic pollution. Furthermore,the edible Arsenic contents of most vegetable varieties had obviously positive correlation with the total Arsenic contents and the effective Arsenic contents. Thus,we used the transfer coefficient to indicate the absorptive capacity of the Arsenic in vegetables,and found out that the transfer coefficient decreased as the total Arsenic contents increase,mainly following the power law. However,the transfer coefficient did not change with the effective Arsenic contents. Using the clustering method provided by DPS statistical software,we categorized the vegetable into three categories: the low,the medium and the high transfer capacity,based on the median of the transfer coefficient of the total and effective Arsenic contents. [Conclusion]The results provide reference for correct evaluation,prediction and prediction of As pollution of soil and vegetab

关 键 词：土壤 蔬菜 砷 转移系数 

分 类 号：X503.231[环境科学与工程—环境工程]