大口黑鲈维生素A需求量  

Dietary Vitamin A Requirement of Largemouth Bass( Micropterus salmoides)

作　　者：连雪原 陈乃松[1] 王孟乐 闫春为 丁桂涛 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2017年第10期3819-3830,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：上海市科委项目(10320503100);上海高校知识服务平台(ZF1206)

摘　　要：为了评定大口黑鲈饲料中维生素A的需求量,本研究在基础饲料中添加不同量(0、1 000、2 000、3 000和4 000 IU/kg)的维生素A醋酸酯,配制5种不同维生素A含量(实测维生素A含量分别为415、1 406、2 755、3 501和4 646 IU/kg)的等氮等能饲料(粗蛋白质含量48.47%;总能18.15 M J/kg)。用上述饲料饲喂初始体重为(52.75±0.12)g的大口黑鲈49 d,每个处理设3个重复,每重复30尾鱼。结果表明:随着饲料中维生素A水平从415 IU/kg升高到2 755 IU/kg,试验鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均显著升高(P<0.05);而随饲料维生素A水平的进一步增高,上述指标则呈平稳的趋势。随着饲料中维生素A水平从415 IU/kg升高到3 501 IU/kg,鱼的肝脏中维生素A含量、肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶活性、血清溶菌酶活性,头肾白细胞呼吸爆发活性、血清补体活性及血红蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05),而肝脏丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);随饲料维生素A水平的进一步增高,上述指标变化幅度较小。饲料中不同维生素A水平对鱼的血清总蛋白含量和红细胞压积的影响不显著(P>0.05)。分别以增重率和肝脏维生素A含量为评价指标,采用折线模型求得,大口黑鲈对饲料中维生素A的最适需求量分别为2 600和3 550 IU/kg;而以非特异性免疫为评价指标,通过方差分析得出的最适需求量与以肝脏维生素A含量为评价指标所得出的需求量相近。本研究得出,大口黑鲈对饲料中维生素A水平的最适需求量为2 600~3 550 IU/kg。This trial was conducted to estimate the dietary requirement of vitamin A in largemouth bass （Mi-cropterus salmoides）. Five isonitrogenous （crude protein was 48.47%） and isoenergetic （ gross energy was 18.15 MJ/kg） diets, containing 415, 1 406, 2 755, 3 501 and 4 646 IU/kg vitamin A in diet, were formula-ted by adding vitamin A （as retinyl acetate） 0, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 and 4 000 IU/kg to a basal diet, respec-tively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of 30 fish [ initial body weight （ 52.75±0.12） g] for 49 d. The results showed that weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio occurred to a significant increasing tendency as dietary vitamin A level increased from 415 to 2 755 IU/kg diet （P〈0.05） and tended to plateau in fish fed higher vitamin A levels. Liver vitamin A content, liver total superoxide dismutase activity, serum lysozyme activity, respiratory burst activity of head kidney leucocyte, se-rum complement activity and haemoglobin content were significantly increased with dietary vitamin A levels in-creasing from 415 to 3 501 IU/kg, while malondialdehyde content in liver was significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） , and the above indexes were slightly changed in fish fed higher dietary vitamin A levels. No significant differences in haematocrit and serum total protein content were found among groups （P〉0.05） . Based on bro-ken-line regression analysis for weight gain rate and vitamin A content in liver against dietary vitamin A level, largemouth bass require 2 600 IU/kg vitamin A in diet for maximal weight gain, and 3 550 IU/kg vitamin A in diet for maximal vitamin A deposition in liver, respectively. Based on analysis of variance for best non-specific immune index, the optimum requirement for dietary vitamin A is similar to that for maximal vitamin A deposi-tion in liver. It can be concluded from this study that the optimum dietary requirement of vitamin A for large

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 维生素A需求量 生长性能 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]