环境污染与城乡收入差距:作用机制与基于中国经济事实的检验  

Environmental pollution and the income gap between urban and rural residents:impacting mechanism and evidence from China's economic facts

作　　者：盛鹏飞 

机构地区：[1]河南大学统计学博士后流动站,河南开封475002 [2]河南大学经济学院,河南开封475002

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年第10期56-63,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目"与环境污染相关的健康不平等研究"(批准号:15YJCZH139)

摘　　要：环境污染是与居民健康水平紧密相关的,并且会导致处于不同收入阶层的居民的健康人力资本投资决策呈现出异质性特征,从而影响居民收入差距。本文通过构建跨期经济模型研究环境污染对城乡收入差距的影响,研究发现:环境污染导致城镇居民和农村居民出现相同比例的健康损害,这种损害会拉大城乡居民绝对收入差距;处于低收入阶层的农村居民应对环境污染带来的健康损害会进行相对较少的健康人力资本投资,因而城乡居民的健康水平差异会逐渐拉大,所以城乡收入的相对差距也会随着环境污染的加剧而扩大。基于理论研究结果,运用中国2002—2013年的省级面板数据进行实证研究发现:(1)环境污染对中国城乡收入差距的影响显著为正,并且基于人均二氧化硫排放量和人均废水化学需氧量排放量的计量检验结果是一致的,这表明研究结论是稳健的;(2)运用门槛面板模型的计量结果表明当滞后一期的城乡收入差距增加到临界点之后,环境污染对城乡收入差距的正效应会明显增强,表明环境污染对处于不同收入阶层的城镇居民和农村居民的健康人力资本投资决策有显著的影响,环境污染进一步拉大城乡居民的相对收入差距;(3)本文的研究结果证明了在教育、政府行为、城镇化等影响城乡收入差距的核心因素之外,环境污染也是影响中国城乡居民收入差距的显著性因素,并且其影响会随着环境污染的加剧和期初收入差距的拉大而变得更加严重,因此在治理中国城乡收入差距的过程中,相关政策应该平衡环境污染成本在城镇居民和农村居民之间的分配。Pollution is not only closely correlated with health stock,but also leads to different decisions of health investments of citizens at various income levels. As a result,the income gap between urban residents and rural residents could be afected by pollution. We develop an intertemporal economic model to study the impact of pollution and the urban-rural income gap. Our theory model proposes that pollution would enlarge the income gap between urban and rural residents in absolute values when residents are exposed to the same levels of pollution both in the rural and urban areas. It results in the greater extent to which pollution limits healthinvestments by lowering health stocks among rural residents due to their lower initial income than results, we seek for empirical evidence by using the China provincial data set over the period of 2000 -2013. Our empirical suggest the followings：① Pollution has a statistically significant and positive effect on the income gap bet^veen urban and ruralresidents. This conclusion is robust to differentpollution measures,either the per capita emission of emission of chemical oxygen demand in waste water.② The positive effect is even larger in income gap hits the threshold. It indicates that therelative incomegap widens more as restricted by pollution.③ Along with the key factors of human capital accumulation,such as education,urbanbehavior,pollution also contributes to the income gap. Its effect increases both in the pollution level and the initial income gap. Thusour results suggest making a balancc between reducing the income gap between urban and rural residthe health costs.

关 键 词：环境污染 城乡收入差距 健康人力资本 异质性 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]