畜禽养殖废弃物还田利用模式发展战略  

Development Strategies for Utilization Models for Returning Livestock and Poultry Manure to the Land

作　　者：贾伟[1,2] 臧建军 张强[2] 李德发 Jia Wei Zang Jianjun Zhang Qiang Li Defa(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization/Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100022, China Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室/金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司,北京100022 [3]中国农业大学动物科技学院饲料工业中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2017年第4期130-137,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目"生态文明建设若干战略问题研究(二期)"(2015-ZD-16);国家高技术研究(863)计划"畜禽环境监控与数字化养殖关键装备开发"(2013AA10230602)

摘　　要：本文介绍我国畜禽养殖废弃物还田利用模式发展概况,分析养殖废弃物循环利用产业发展的问题,探讨下一步的发展战略。总结发现,多年来国内外在探索畜禽养殖废弃物还田利用模式、农田适宜载畜量参数等方面取得了重要的进展,但仍然存在种养结合养分不平衡、各种处理过程养分损失大、农田合理施用粪肥原则缺失等问题。下一步的研究应该以"还田利用,环境友好"为目标,引入种养结合粪便养分管理理念,开展畜禽养殖废弃物的收集—贮存—处理—还田;开展包括优化还田安全利用技术、种养循环过程温室气体减排、农田对养殖废弃物合理消纳量定量、减少氮磷养分损失避免面源污染等方面的研究,同时在政策上引导畜禽养殖废弃物的高效资源化利用。This paper summarizes the development of utilization models for the return of livestock and poultry manure to farmland in China. It analyzes the problems affecting the industrial development of the utilization of livestock and poultry manure recycling, and discusses development strategies for the next step in this process. In past years, important progress has been achieved in exploring uti- lization models for returning livestock and poultry manure to farmland, and in identifying suitable parameters for the farmland carrying capacity of livestock, both at home and abroad. However, problems remain such as unbalanced nutrients after combining planting and livestock systems, large nutrient losses, and a lack of reasonable principles for manure application on farmland. In the next step, studies should be based on the concept of the environmentally friendly return of manure to farmland and should introduce the concept of nutrient management after combining planting and livestock systems. Techniques should be carried out for the collection, storage, and processing of manure; for its return to farmland; for reasonable manure applications; for balancing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in order to reduce non-point source pollution; and for other aspects. In addition, policies about the efficient recycling of livestock and poultry manure should be promoted.

关 键 词：规模化 养殖场 粪便 废水 种养结合 养分 

分 类 号：S82[农业科学—畜牧学] S83[农业科学—畜牧兽医]