近30年中国农田耕层土壤有机质含量变化  

Variation of Soil Organic Matter Content in Croplands of China over the Last Three Decades

作　　者：杨帆[1] 徐洋[1] 崔勇[1] 孟远夺[1] 董燕[1] 李荣[1] 马义兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源和农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤学报》2017年第5期1047-1056,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：土壤有机质含量是影响土壤肥力水平的重要指标,也是开展耕地质量建设、科学施肥工作的基础。利用2005—2014年测土配方施肥项目数据与全国第二次土壤普查数据进行对比,分析了近30年来中国农田耕层土壤有机质的变化趋势。结果显示,30年来我国农田耕层土壤有机质含量呈整体上升趋势,目前,全国耕层土壤有机质平均含量为24.65 g kg^(-1),较全国第二次土壤普查时期提高4.85 g kg^(-1),提高24.49%。其中,30~40 g kg^(-1)等级比例增加3.64个百分点,20~30 g kg^(-1)等级比例增加5.68个百分点,10~20 g kg^(-1)等级比例增加5.36个百分点。需要引起注意的是,大于40 g kg^(-1)等级比例减少了1.38个百分点。[Objective] Soil organic matter （ SOM ） is an important indicator of soil fertil also the basis for carrying on build-up of cropland the project of soil test based fertilization and the S quality and scientific fertilization. Based on th econd National Soil Survey in 2005-2014, performed for variation of soil organic matter in top soils of the croplands present study are （ SOM content in the 1 ） to report current status of SOM in the croplands of Chi of China. na; （2） croplands of China over the last three decades in nationwide; and of the changes. [Method] In this paper, the data of SOM in croplands were cited of China and Soil Fertility of China, covering a total of 131 627 000 hm2 of cro national soil test based formulated fertilization project from the ＂Basic Nutrient the of 2 121 The to e （3） from the obje ity, and e data of analysis was ctives of the xplore changes in to discuss causes Soil Survey Data plands and the data of the Dataset of the Soils under Project of Soil Test-Based Formulated Fertilization＂ covering a total of 8 467 083 data points. As a total 948 agricultural counties （district or city ） and farms participated in the project, covering a total of 716 000 hm2 of croplands calculated according to the data of cropland area by the end of 2008 published by the National Statistics Bureau of China. The distribution of soil sampling sites of the project of soil test- based formulated fertilization was consistent with the data of cropland distribution at the end of 2008, covering 66 700 m2- 133 400 m2 （on average） in plain areas, 20 010 m2- 53 360 m2 in hilly areas, and 6 670 m2 - 13 340 m2 of vegetable land All soil samples were collected from topsoil （ mainly 0 - 20 cm for crop field and 0 - 30 cm for vegetable field ） in autumn after crops were harvested. Contents of soil organic matter were measured with the oil heating and potassium dichromate-volumetric method. A total of 8 467 083 soil samples were collected nationwide. The data of the soil-test-based formula

关 键 词：土壤有机质 土壤普查 耕地 测土配方施肥项目 中国 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]