中学教师亚健康状态及其与职业应激的相关分析  

Sub-health status of middle school teachers and its correlation analysis with occupational stress

作　　者：常文娟 邵红梅 职心乐 许军[2] 谢娟 Chang Wenjuan Shao Hongmei Zhi Xinyue Xu Jun Xie Juan(Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, Chin)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,300070 [2]南方医科大学南方医院卫生经济管理科

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2017年第8期585-588,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81172775）;天津市高等学校科技发展基金计划项目（20130140）

摘　　要：目的了解天津市中学教师的亚健康、职业应激现状及两者之间的相关关系，为干预亚健康向疾病转化提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2013年4至7月，对天津市6个区县抽取的3522名中学教师以亚健康评定量表（Sub-Health Measurement Scale version1．0，SHMS V1．0）和职业应激量表（Occupational Stress Inventory—Revised Edition，OSI—R）进行问卷调查。结果天津市中学教师亚健康检出率为58．55％，其中女性亚健康检出率为59．71％，高于男性（55．19％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；亚健康检出率随着年龄的增长而升高（Х^2趋势=9．410，P〈0．05），≥50岁组亚健康检出率最高（66．84％）。3522名调查对象OSI-R原始得分为（403．18±41．80）分，其中职业任务问卷（ORQ）、个体应激反应问卷（PSQ）、个体应对资源问卷（PRQ）原始得分分别为（176．00±21．05）、（103．17±17．53）、（124．02±20．28）分，与中国人群常模比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。中学教师不同健康状态下OSI-R各问卷的得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。职业任务得分、个体应激反应得分与亚健康量表得分呈负相关（P〈0．001），个体应对资源得分与亚健康量表得分呈正相关（P〈0．001）。结论天津市中学教师亚健康检出率较高。相关部门应采取有效措施，适当缓解中学教师的职业应激水平，增加个体应对资源，进行科学有效的健康指导与教育。Objective To study the distribution of sub-health and occupational stress as well as their correlation among middle school teachers in Tianjin, then provide evidences for prevention and control of the status of sub-health. Methods A total of 3 522 middle school teachers from six districts of Tianjin were recruited with stratified cluster sampling strategy for the investigation of Sub-Health Measurement Scale version 1.0 （SHMS V1.0） and Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition （OSI-R）. Results Detection rate of sub-health status among Tianjin middle school teachers was 58.55%. Men had significantly lower sub-health detection rate （55.19%） than women （59.71%）. Sub-health detection rate increased with age （P〈0.05）, the sub-health detection rate among middle school teachers more than 50 years old was the highest （66.84%）. The mean score of OSI-R was 403.18± 41.80 with the scores of 176.00±21.05, 103.17±17.53, and 124.02±20.28 for ORQ, PSQ, PRQ, respectively, which showed significantly difference compared with the occupational stress norm of China （P〈0.001）. The mean scores of OSI-R, ORQ, PSQ, PRQ in different health status were significantly different （P〈0.001）. The partial correlation analysis between the scores of sub-health and occupational stress of middle school teachers showed that the scores of occupational role and personal strain were negatively correlated with the scores of sub-health state （P〈 0.001 ）, while, there was significantly positive correlation between the scores of personal resource and the scores of sub-health state （P〈0.001）. Conclusion Sub-health detection rate of middle school teachers in Tianjin is higher. Effective measures should be taken to appropriately mitigate the occupational stress level of middle school teachers, increase personal resources , and scientific and effective health guidance and education should be strengthened.

关 键 词：亚健康 职业应激 中学教师 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]