留守儿童甲型肝炎暴发现场流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis A in children left behind

作　　者：王如德[1] WANG Ru-de(Linyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi 276000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]临沂市疾病预防控制中心,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《泰山医学院学报》2017年第9期976-978,共3页Journal of Taishan Medical College

摘　　要：目的明确甲肝暴发影响因素,为今后预防控制甲肝提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究方法,对甲肝暴发危险因素进行分析。结果共报告甲肝病例65例,主要分布北哨村幼儿园和北哨小学,其罹患率分别为26.27%、2.70%,发病以4~11岁为主,占83.08%,托幼儿童、小学生和散居儿童发病居多,占96.92%,患者甲肝疫苗接种率23.81%。家庭内接触史(OR=12.375,χ~2=5.084,P=0.000)、校内接触史(OR=5.859,χ~2=7.646,P=0.006)、共用水杯(OR=9.964,χ~2=7.280,P=0.007)是危险因素,接种甲肝疫苗(OR=0.041,χ~2=19.871,P=0.000)是保护因素。结论本次为典型的人传人连续性传播。当地甲肝疫苗接种率不高、儿童没有良好的卫生习惯、群众防病意识不强、疫情早期未严格落实防控措施是造成此次甲肝暴发的主要因素。Objective： To identify the foudroyant factors of hepatitis A and provide evidence for its prevention and control in a county in Linyi city. Methods： Case-control study method was used to analyze the characteristics and risk factors of hepatitis A. Results： Sixty-five hepatitis A cases were mainly distributed in Beishao Village Kindergarten and Beishao Primary School,and the prevalence rates were respectively 26. 27% and 2. 70%,accounting for 83. 08% in the age of 4 ~ 11 years old. Kindergarten children,elementary school students and scattered inhabiting children were 96. 92% of total cases. Hepatitis A vaccination immunization coverage rate was 23. 81%. The history of hepatitis A cases contact in family（ OR = 12. 375）,in kindergarten and school（ OR = 5. 859）,and shared cups（ OR = 9. 964） were the risk factors of this outbreak of the hepatitis A,and vaccination of hepatitis A vaccine（ OR = 0. 041） was the protective factors. Conclusion： The outbreak of this disease is typical of continuity transmit in the crowd. The low hepatitis A vaccine coverage rate,bad health habits,the poor awareness of disease prevention and the lack of effective prevention measure at the onset of the epidemic lead to the outbreak of hepatitis A.

关 键 词：留守儿童 甲肝 暴发 流行因素 病例对照 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R725.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]