A discussion of up-flow springs  

作　　者：ZHOU Xun WANG Xiao-cui CAO Qin LONG Mi ZHENG Yu-hui GUO Juan SHEN Xiao-wei ZHANG Yu-qi TA Ming-ming CUI Xiang-fei 

机构地区：[1]School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China [2]Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution(China University of Geosciences,(Beijing)),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083,China [3]School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China [4]Education Centre of Jiangxi Geological Exploration Bureau,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330030,China

出　　处：《Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering》2016年第4期279-283,共5页地下水科学与工程（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(41572223,41172227);the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(8152026);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2652015244,2652015245,2652015426);the National Key Project of Foundational Research and Development of China(973 Project)(2011CB403005)

摘　　要：Based on their genesis, springs are commonly classified as depression spring, contact spring, overflow spring and fault spring, etc. In addition, a kind of springs, i.e., up-flow spring, can be found in the field. An aquifer is overlain by poorly-permeable unconsolidated sediments or relatively impervious formations. If the hydraulic head of the aquifer is higher than the land surface, groundwater may flow up to the ground surface through the local portion of the overlying aquicludes where the permeability is relatively good, and emerges as an up-flow spring. The common characteristics of an up-flow spring are discussed and summarized in this paper, and some examples of the up-flow springs are also given. Up-flow springs can flow up through local permeable zones in the overlying aquicludes rather than permeable faults. Although they cannot be found as frequently as depression springs, contact springs, overflow springs and fault springs etc., yet up-flow springs may occur in the form of normal-temperature springs, hot springs and salt springs.Based on their genesis, springs are commonly classified as depression spring, contact spring, overflow spring and fault spring, etc. In addition, a kind of springs, i.e., up-flow spring, can be found in the field. An aquifer is overlain by poorly-permeable unconsolidated sediments or relatively impervious formations. If the hydraulic head of the aquifer is higher than the land surface, groundwater may flow up to the ground surface through the local portion of the overlying aquicludes where the permeability is relatively good, and emerges as an up-flow spring. The common characteristics of an up-flow spring are discussed and summarized in this paper, and some examples of the up-flow springs are also given. Up-flow springs can flow up through local permeable zones in the overlying aquicludes rather than permeable faults. Although they cannot be found as frequently as depression springs, contact springs, overflow springs and fault springs etc., yet up-flow springs may occur in the form of normal-temperature springs, hot springs and salt springs.

关 键 词：SPRING Hot spring Salt spring GROUNDWATER GENESIS 

分 类 号：P641.6[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]