不同居群野罂粟个体形态特征及访花昆虫行为观察  

Study on Individual form Characteristics and Insect Pollination Behavior of Papaver nudicaule from Different Populations

作　　者：董又溧 李慧芳[1,2,3] 庄丽[1,2,4] 刘金新[5,6] 赵春颖[5,6] 阿里穆斯 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族传统医学研究院,北京100081 [2]"中国少数民族传统医学"教育部重点实验室,北京100081 [3]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [4]日照市中医医院,日照262300 [5]承德医学院中药研究所,承德067000 [6]河北省中药研究与开发重点实验室,承德067000

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2017年第9期1276-1281,共6页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81573535);北京市自然科学基金(5132013);北京市科技新星与领军人才培养专项(Z161100004916032);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAC09B03-4);中国科协委托课题

摘　　要：目的:野罂粟作为"咳欣康"与"咳喘宁"等中成药的主要成分被大量开发,野生资源数量急剧减少。本研究探讨不同地区野罂粟个体形态学差异及访花昆虫的类别与行为。方法:在野罂粟盛花期,选择不同生境的10个野生居群,采用经典的样方法与样带法结合定位观测研究花期野罂粟的株高、分埠数、莛数和叶片性状等7个生物学指标和访花昆虫的类别与行为特征的差异。结果:(1)在个体水平上,野罂粟生物学指标在居群内和居群间均表现出明显差异(P<0.05),株高、分埠数、莛数和叶面积在不同居群间呈现极显著差异(P<0.01);(2)访花昆虫有7目18科23种,其中鞘翅目(4科6种,占26.1%)、半翅目(4科5种,占21.7%)、双翅目(3科4种,占17.4%)、鳞翅目(3科4种,占17.4%)。结论:为了更科学的阐明药用植物的繁育机制、遗传背景、活性物质等关键问题,建议下一步开展野外定位观测结合环境控制试验,系统研究中草药的繁殖生物学过程和规律,预期成果将为优良中药品种繁育与栽培及其资源的科学评价提供参考依据。Objective： Papaver nudicaule L. is the main ingredient of Chinese patent medicine such as ＂Kexinkang Pain＂ and ＂Ke Chuan Ning＂, the natural resource of the herb has been dramatically decreased because of over exploitations. The study aims to investigate the biology characteristics of P. nudicaule and the behavior and category of the flower visiting insects. Methods： Ten population of P. nudicaule from different habitats were chosen to research biology indicators such as height, branches, stems and leaves, and differences between flower visiting insect in categories and behaviors during the flow- ering period. Results： Biological indicators showed significant difference at individual plants either from the same population or different populations （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; especially, the characteristics of the height, branches number, stems and leaf areas showed extremely significant differences between different populations （P 〈 0.01 ）. In addition, the results also showed that there were 23 species of pollinators, which belonged to 7 orders, 18 families, within Hymenoptera （4 families 6 species,26. 1% ）, Hemiptera （4 families 5 species, 21.7% ）, Diptera （3 families 4 species, 17.4% ）, and Lepidoptera （3 fami- lies 4 species, 17. 4% ） were major visitors. Conclusion： In order to more scientifically review breeding mechanisms, genetic backgrounds and active ingredients of medicinal plants of P. nudicaule, the authors suggest that located field observation com- bined with environmental control test would be taken to systematically study the reproductive biology process and universal rules in traditional Chinese medicine, and provide references for breeding, cultivation and resources conservation.

关 键 词：野罂粟 居群 资源评价 个体形态 访花昆虫 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]