吉林松原地区花生田昆虫群落结构及多样性  

Structure and Diversity of Insect Communities in Peanut Field of Songyuan Region in Jilin Province

作　　者：吕永超[1] 管晓志 曲明静[2] 李晓[2] 杨富军[1] 王绍伦[1] 陈小姝[1] 高华援[1] 刘海龙[1] 李春雨[1] LU Yong-chao GUAN Xiao-zhi QU Ming-jing CHEN Xiao-shu GAO Hua-yuan LI Xiao YANG Fu-jun WANG Shao-lun LIU Hai-long LI Chun-yu(Peanut Research Institute, Jilin Academy of A gr. Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院花生研究所,吉林公主岭136100 [2]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《花生学报》2017年第3期32-38,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系项目(CARS-13);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20150204012NY;20150412005XH)

摘　　要：利用马来氏网收集法,2014-2015年开展了吉林松原地区花生田昆虫系统调查,旨在阐明当地花生田的昆虫群落结构及相关群体指数动态规律。结果表明:松原地区花生田共收集到昆虫38281头,隶属12目137科,其中膜翅目和双翅目类群个体数量最大,分别占总收集昆虫数的29.67%和44.13%,主要昆虫种类有暗黑鳃金龟、大黑鳃金龟、大灰象甲、小长蝽、小绿叶蝉、花生蚜、西花蓟马、灰地种蝇等;主要类群个体数峰值分别出现在每年的6月下旬至7月初、8月下旬至9月初,最低值则出现在花生起收后;昆虫群落多样性指数在2.8~3.4之间,在每年7-8月份期间较为稳定;昆虫群落总体均匀度指数整体保持在0.65以上;昆虫群落丰富度指数在8-9月份较为稳定,峰值出现在8月上旬,最高点为95;昆虫优势集中指数整体水平较低,而昆虫群落丰盛度随花生生育进程推移呈单峰曲线变化,通常在7-8月份出现峰值。Dynamic of insect communities in peanut field of Songyuan region in Jilin Province were investigated by Malaise trap from 2014 to 2015. The results showed that 38281 insects were collected totally in peanut field of Songyuan region, belonging to 137 Families and 12 Orders, among which Hymenoptera and Diptera were the most numerous individuals, occupied 26.97% and 44.13% of the total respectively. The major species of insect were Holotrichiaparallela, Holotrichiaoblita Falder- mann, Sympiezomiasvelatus Chevrolat , N ysiusericae , J acoblasca f ormosana , Aphis medicaginis , Frankliniellaoccidentalis, Delia platura. The peak value of individual number in major class ap- peared from late June to early July and from late August to early September, respectively. The mini- mum value appeared after harvest of peanut. Insect community diversity index was from 2.8 to 3.4, sta- bled from July to August. Total uniformity of insect community was above 0. 65. The peak value of insect community enrichment index appeared from August to September, and the highest value was 95. Insect domi- nance index was low, and the abundance of insect community changed with single peak curve that followed with the development process of peanut, the peak value appeared from July to August.

关 键 词：花生 昆虫群落结构 多样性 群体指数动态 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]