“全面二孩”政策实施中面临的问题与对策  

Problems and Countermeasures in the Implementation of Universal Two-Child Policy

作　　者：庄国波[1,2] 陈万明[1] Zhuang Guobo Chen Wanming(Doctoral Candidate at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Nanjing 211106)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学 [2]南京邮电大学

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2017年第10期126-129,共4页Chinese Public Administration

摘　　要：全面二孩政策出台后,面临着生育意愿与总和生育率双双走低以及人口老龄化等问题。为了保证新政策的有效实施,政府首先应该转变观念,处理好"人口"与"人手"的关系。创造条件,促进"人口"转变为"人手";以人为本,使"物"的生产满足"人"的增长需要。其次要未雨绸缪,优化制度体系。修改相关制度,落实全面二孩政策;做好政策储备,应对各种问题挑战;反对性别歧视,关心女性求职就业。第三应主动应对,加强公共服务体系建设。要降低公共卫生服务成本,解决"生小"之忧;制定前瞻性的教育政策,解决"养小"之累;加快老年型公共政策体系建设,解决"养老"之困。Universal Two-Child policy has been implemented nationwide. Problems government is facing include dual decrease of reproduction willingness and gross birth rate and aging population, etc. Therefore, government should undertake necessary responsibilities and take some measures in the process of carrying out the new policy. Firstly, new concepts should be established. Government should deal with the relationship properly between ＂Population＂ and ＂Hand-labor＂. Secondly, government should plan ahead to undertake the responsibility of optimizing policies. Relevant systems should be modified to implement the two-child policy. What＇ s more, government should take some active measures to strengthen the construction of public service system. Specifically, the cost of public health service should be lowered to relieve the worries of producing second child. Government should lay out prospective education policy to relieve the burden of raising second child and accelerate the construction of senior citizens＇ public policy system to relieve the difficulty of taking care of the elderlv.

关 键 词：全面二孩政策 生育率 生育意愿 人口老龄化 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学]