从皇室到民间：日本受容《论语》的路径及其效能  

From Imperial Families to Common People:Acceptance of The Analects in Japan and its Positive Impact

作　　者：海村惟一 海村佳惟 Amamura Yui-ji Amamura Kai(College of International Relations, Fukuoka International University, Fukuoka, Japan Research and Appli- cation Center of Chinese Characters, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062)

机构地区：[1]福冈国际大学国际关系学院.日本福冈 [2]华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心.上海200062

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2017年第5期20-24,共5页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

摘　　要：《论语》在285年春由朝鲜半岛的百济汉学家王仁应邀带入日本皇室,作为皇太子的学习教材。《论语》从此对日本列岛产生了巨大的影响。数百年的学习积累,日本皇室产生了直接阅读本家大陆《论语》的愿望。在首次遣隋使回国后四年,圣德太子亲自撰定《宪法十七条》(604),其第一条第一句曰:"以和为贵"。此句可谓日本受容《论语》之滥觞。据《养老令》记载,《论语》(郑玄何晏注)在奈良时代已进入了学校教育。据《日本国见在书目录》等记载可知,汉唐古注《论语》由以明经道为家业的"明经博士"清原家世袭掌管。江户时代初期,清原家当家主清原秀贤却在1603年受到了青年平民书生林罗山的《集注论语》(朱熹注)公开讲座的公然挑战。江户时代中期由"农民圣人"二宫尊德通过《二宫翁夜话》把《论语》传播到了农民阶层。日本"儒教资本主义"的创立者涉泽荣一的《论语与算盘》(1916)奠定了日本近代社会制度的走向。《论语》1700多年来对日本产生了巨大影响,日本也以自身的实际发展精准地受容了《论语》。故曰:《论语》乃日本文化之基因。The Analects was brought to Japanese royal family as teaching material for the crown prince in the spring of 285 by Wang Renying, a sinologist of Paekche on the Korean Penninsula. It has great impact upon the Japanese archipelagos ever since. After hundreds of years of study, Japanese royal families developed a strong desire to have direct encounter with The Analects from Chinese mainland. Four years after the first batch of Sui ambassadors returning to Japan, Prince Shotoku himself compiled Seventeen-Article Constitution（in 604）, in which the first article began with ＂harmony is most precious＂. This sentence marks the beginning of Japan＇s modification of The Analects. According to Yōrō Code, The Analects（with annotation by Zheng Xuan and He Yan） was taught in school in Nara period. It can be found in the books such as Nihonkoku Genzai Shomokuroku that The Analects with annotation of Han and Tang Dynasties was held for generations by Kiyohara family which had myoūgyoū dō as its family business. Early in Edo period, Kiyohara Hidekata was openly challenged by public lectures on Zhu Xi＇s Variorum for Analects by Hayashirazann, a young scholar of humble origin. In middle Edo period, Ninomiya Sontoku disseminated The Analects to farmers with Night Stories of Ninomiya Sontoku. The Analects and Abacus by Shibusawa Eiichi, the founder of ＂Confucian capitalism＂ in Japan, defined the trend of Japan＇s social system. For 1700 years, The Analects has tremendous impact upon Japan, and Japan has been adapting The Analects to its own circumstances. The Analects is, therefore, the gene of Japanese culture.

关 键 词：《论语》 日本 《宪法十七条》 林罗山 二宫尊德 《论语与算盘》 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论] G125[文化科学]