基于距离分区的多级异构无线传感器网络成簇算法  

A multilevel heterogeneous clustering algorithm based on distance partition for wireless sensor networks

作　　者：钟达夫[1] 薛晶晶 何锋 唐懿芳[1] 赵仕俊[2] Zhong Dafu Xue Jingjing He Feng Tang Yifang Zhao Shijun(Computer Engineering Technical College, Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090 School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum （East China）, Qingdao 266580)

机构地区：[1]广东科学技术职业学院计算机工程学院,珠海519090 [2]中国石油大学(华东)信息与控制工程学院,青岛266580

出　　处：《高技术通讯》2017年第6期530-536,共7页Chinese High Technology Letters

基　　金：四川省高校重点实验室(2014WYJ07;2016WYJ01)资助项目

摘　　要：为了防止无线传感器网络(WSN)节点因为通信距离过长而过早死亡,有效延长网络生命周期,提出了一种基于距离分区的高能效的多级异构无线传感器网络成簇算法(MHCADP)。此算法将监测区域分为三部分,并根据不同监测区域和基站的距离部署能量不同的三类节点,按照节点剩余能量与网络平均能量的比例来选举簇头节点,让较高初始能量和剩余能量的节点拥有更多的机会成为簇头。另外,在数据传输时,考虑节点和基站的距离以及自身剩余能量,选择单跳或多跳的传输方式。仿真实验结果表明,与现有的重要成簇算法——低能耗自适应分簇分层(LEACH)算法和稳定选举协议(SEP)算法相比,MHCADP算法能够有效减少网络能量消耗和平衡网络负载,使网络稳定周期和生命周期延长50%以上。To prevent node premature death in a wireless sensor network （WSN） caused by long distance inter-node communication and effectively prolong the life cycle of the network, an energy efficient multilevel heterogeneous clustering algorithm based on distance partition for WSNs, called the MHCADP, was proposed. The algorithm divides the monitoring area into three parts, and deployes three types of nodes according to the distance from each monitoring area to the base station. In the cluster head election process, it elects the cluster head node according to the proportion of average energy and residual energy of the node, allowing the node with high initial and residual energy to have more opportunities to become cluster heads than the low energy nodes. In addition, during the data transmission, it chooses the single hop or multi hop according to the distance from the base station to the node and self-residual energy. In order to verify the validity of the algorithm, its experimental results were compared with the algorithms of low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH） and stable election protocol （SEP）, and it shows that the MHCADP can effectively reduce the network energy consumption and balance the network load, so that the network stability cycle and life cycle are extended by more than 50%.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络(WSN) 多级异构 成簇算法 能量有效性 能量均衡 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统] TP212.9[电子电信—信息与通信工程]