凉山州核桃坚果表型多样性研究  

Phenotypic Diversities of Nuts of Walnut Populations Originated from Seedlings in Liangshan Prefecture

作　　者：刘昊[1] 马庆国[1] 张继勇 文明 宋晓波[1] 张俊佩[1] 裴东[1] LIU Hao MA Qing-guo ZHANG Ji-yong WEN Ming SONG Xiao-bo ZHANG Jun-pei PEI Dong(Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China Forestry Bureau of Liangshan Prefecture, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China Olive Breeding Demonstration Forestry Station of Liangshan Prefecture, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,北京100091 [2]凉山州林业局,四川西昌615000 [3]凉山州油橄榄示范繁育林场,四川西昌615000

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2017年第5期771-778,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院重点项目“核桃提质增效关键技术研究”(项目编号:CAFYBB2017ZA004-2)

摘　　要：[目的]以四川省凉山州核桃和泡核桃农家类型的坚果为样本,研究其表型丰富度和变异特点,为其资源挖掘和合理利用提供理论依据。[方法]以15个核桃和泡核桃居群的330棵实生单株为研究材料,利用18个坚果表型相关性状进行多样性和聚类分析。[结果]表明:(1)凉山州核桃和泡核桃实生居群坚果表型性状变异系数为8.46%59.47%,平均为35.26%,单果质量极大(>20.0 g)和极小(<5.0 g)的资源均占一定比例;该地区坚果资源在《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南-核桃属》中所描述坚果表型性状的基础上,新增了3个垂直于缝合线纵切面形状和1个核仁皮色特征;居群遗传性状Simpson指数为0.201 0.855,Shannon-Wiener指数为0.649 2.873,说明凉山州核桃和泡核桃坚果表型多样性比较丰富。(2)18个坚果表型性状的居群内变异均大于居群间,居群间的表型分化系数为6.03%,说明居群内变异是凉山州坚果表型多样性的主要来源。(3)UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,凉山州坚果表型性状Manhattan距离表现出与地理距离或气候条件显著正相关的趋势。[结论]凉山州核桃和泡核桃资源坚果表型丰富度高,是重要的核桃资源多样性分布地区。[ Objective ] Using the nut of Juglans regia and Juglans sigillata in Liangshan of Sichuan as samples to study the phenotype abundance and variation characteristics for detecting resource and providing theory evidence in using resource reasonable. [ Method] Taking 330 seedlings from 15 J. regia and J. sigillata populations as research materials, the diversity and cluster analysis were studied using 18 nut phenotypic traits. [ Result ] （ 1 ） The coeffi- cient of variation of phenotypic traits in Liangshan walnut population originated from seedlings was between 8.46% and 59.47%, with an average of 35.26%. The nuts with very large （ 〉20.0 g ） and very small （ 〈5.0 g） single nut weight occupied a certain proportion. The phenotypic traits meet almost all the trait descriptions in the ＂Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability-Juglans （Juglans L. ）＂. Three features in shape and one in skin color of kernels were added. The Simpson index of population genetic traits was 0. 201 -0. 855, Shannon-Wiener index was between 0. 649 and 2. 873, indicating abundant variations in nut phenotypic diversity in this area. （2） The phenotypic differentiation of 18 phenotypic traits in populations was larger than that a- mong populations in this area and the differentiation coefficients among populations was 6.03 % , suggesting the phe- notypic differentiation in populations was the main variation source. （3） UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the Manhattan distance of nut phenotypic traits were positively related to the geographic distance or climatic conditions. [ Conclusion] The nut phenotype of J. regia and J. sigillata in Liangshan was abundant. It is the important area for distribution of diversity walnut resources in China.

关 键 词：核桃 表型多样性 凉山 居群 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学] S792.13