核电厂操纵员人因失误影响因素分析  

Analysis of influencing factors triggering operator's error in nuclear power plants

作　　者：李鹏程[1] 陈国华[2] 张力[1,3] 戴立操[1] 蒋建军[1] LI Pengcheng CHEN Guohua ZHANG Li DAI Licao JIANG Jianjun(Institute of Human Factor, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001,China Institute of Safety Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Guangdong 510641,China Institute of Human Factor and Safety Management, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang Hunan 421002, China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学人因研究所 [2]华南理工大学安全工程研究所 [3]湖南工学院人因与安全管理研究所,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2017年第7期42-47,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(71371070;71301069;51674145);湖南省自然科学基金资助(2017JJ2222);湖南省社会科学基金资助(16YBA314);教育部人文社会科学基金资助(11YJC630207)

摘　　要：为研究核电厂操纵员的行为影响因素(PIFs)以及它们间的关联关系,通过文献分析,从组织视角建立比较全面具体的PIFs分类体系。统计分析核电厂大量人因事件,识别影响操纵员人因失误的重要因素。基于人因事件样本数据,对PIFs进行相关性分析,研究PIFs之间的相互影响关系。研究表明:影响核电厂操纵员的主要因素为个体因素中的心理状态、素质和能力,情境环境因素中的规程、培训和组织管理等因素;个体因素受各种情境环境因素的影响,但不同的个体因素与各种情境环境因素的影响关系不同,如心理状态主要受人的素质和能力、技术系统等影响,而人的生理状态主要受工作环境、班组因素和组织结构等影响。The paper was aimed at identifying PIFs of operators in nuclear power plants and studying interrelationships between them. A relatively comprehensive and specific classification system of PIFs was built from the perspective of organization after literature survey. Important factors impacting operator’s error were identified by analysis of human factor events in nuclear power plants. Correlation analyses between PIFs were carried out based on the sample data on human factor events,relationships between PIFs were studied. The results show that the main factors influencing operators are psychological state,quality and capacity of operators belonging to individual factors, and procedures, training and organizational management belonging to contextual factors etc,and that individual factors are influenced by various contextual factors,but the influencing relationships are diffierent between the contextual factor and various individual factors,for example,human psychological state is mainly influenced by person ’s quality and ability,technical system and so on, and human physiological state is mainly influenced by work environment,team factors and organizational structure and so on.

关 键 词：行为影响因素(PIFs) 人因失误 组织因素 相关性分析 核电厂 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]