校园生活垃圾分类收集调查及垃圾的厌氧发酵处理  

A Survey on the Classified Collection of Municipal Solid Waste and Its Anaerobic Treatment on University Campus

作　　者：黄爱民 韩智勇[1,2,3] 费勇强 施国中[3] 吴进[3] 魏珞宇[3] HUANG Ai-min HAN Zhi-yong FEI Yong-qiang SHI Guo-zhong WU Jin WEI Luo-yu(Chengdu University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection , Chengdu 610059, China Chengdu University of Technology , State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil Water Pollution , Chengdu 610059, China Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都610059 [2]成都理工大学国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室,成都610059 [3]农业部沼气科学研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《中国沼气》2017年第5期33-38,共6页China Biogas

摘　　要：文章通过问卷调查、采样测试等方法,对某高校校园生活垃圾的特性、处理现状与大学生环保意识进行了研究,并核算了基于生活垃圾分类收集的沼气潜能,以期为高校生活垃圾的分类收集和资源化利用提供一定的理论支持和技术指导。研究表明:该高校学生人均生活垃圾产量介于0.068~0.186 kg·d-1之间,平均为0.104 kg·d-1;主要组分包括厨余类、纸类、橡塑类,占校园生活垃圾总量的88%左右;宿舍楼垃圾容重介于43.5~92.6 kg·m-3之间,平均为57.2 kg·m-3。问卷调查统计结果显示,高校学生对垃圾分类的意愿相对较高,达到88.4%,但是对生活垃圾特性的认识度不高,仅为32.2%;综合高校学生垃圾分类意愿,垃圾分类技术可行性、经济可行性和社会可行性等因素,文章设计了生活垃圾在学生宿舍源头按厨余类、洁净纸类、橡塑类及其他进行分类收集的模式,改进了宿舍楼所需垃圾桶的设置;将厨余作为原料进行厌氧发酵,可得到3650 m3·a-1的沼气,获得68.47万元的经济净现值,实现校园生活垃圾减量化和资源化。Taking one university as an example,the college students＇ environmental awareness and the characteristics of municipal solid waste（MSW） on campus were investigated through questionnaire survey and sample testing,and the biogas production potential of campus solid waste based on classified collection was calculated. The results showed that the per capita living garbage output ranged between 0. 068 ~ 0. 186 kg·d-1with an average of 0. 104 kg·d-1. The main components included kitchen waste,paper,rubber and plastic,accounting for 88% of the total MSW. The MSW density were43. 5 ~ 92. 6 kg·m-3with an average of 57. 2 kg·m-3. the college students＇ environmental awareness was high,up to88. 4%,but their understanding of living garbage features were not high,only 32. 2%. A classified collection mode for student dormitory was designed based on the survey to collect kitchen waste,paper,rubber and plastic separately,among which the kitchen waste could be taken as raw material for anaerobic digestion,3650 m3 of methane could be obtained each year. In this way,reduction and recycling of campus waste could be realized.

关 键 词：大学校园生活垃圾 分类收集 厌氧发酵 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]