深圳福田与香港米埔红树林群落分布与景观格局比较  

A comparison of mangrove community distribution and landscape pattern between Futian and Maipo Nature Reserve at Shenzhen Bay

作　　者：李真 李瑜 昝启杰[3,4] 余世孝[1] LI Zhen LI Yu ZAN Qijie YU Shixiao(School of Life SciencesffGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Landscape Dynamics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Shenzhen Wild Animal Rescue Center, Shenzhen 518035, China School of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院∥广州市城市景观生态演变重点实验室,广东广州510275 [2]深圳市野生动物救护中心,广东深圳518035 [3]深圳大学生命科学学院,广东深圳518060 [4]广东内伶仃福田国家级自然保护区管理局,广东深圳518040

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期12-19,共8页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31470513);深圳市城市管理局科研项目

摘　　要：改革开放前,地处深圳湾两岸的福田保护区和米埔保护区的红树林湿地在景观和物种组成等方面相似,但近30年来深圳城市化高速发展所带来福田红树林湿地的景观破碎化过程,导致两岸红树林群落特征产生了较为明显差异。以World View-2高分辨率影像为数据源,采用导数光谱法结合基于面向对象的支持向量机的分类方法对深圳湾湿地的红树林群落进行分类,总体精度达到0.902,Kappa系数为0.859,符合要求。进一步运用景观指数对其进行定量对比分析。结果表明:(1)米埔保护区红树林现存面积为346 hm^2,福田保护区红树林现存面积仅为89 hm^2;秋茄群落是深圳湾两岸湿地的最主要优势景观类型,白骨壤群落和桐花树群落是优势群落;(2)福田保护区红树林的景观破碎化程度比米埔保护区高,尤其是本地种秋茄群落和白骨壤群落的破碎化程度较高;(3)福田保护区景观斑块形状多呈正方形分布的状态,在一定程度上反映了人类活动的作用,而处于米埔保护区的天然红树林则呈现不规则的分布状态。Before the reform and opening up,the species composition and landscape pattern at Futian Nature Reserve were similar to Maipo Nature Reserve.A rapid urbanization at Shenzhen city during the past 30 years has led to the landscape fragmentation process at Futian mangrove wetland,which resulted in a divergence of mangrove communities or landscape pattern on both coasts.In this study,based on analysis of high resolution World View-2 image,we classified the present pattern of communities and landscape,then qualified the fragmentation degree between both sides.The overall accuracy of mangrove community classification was 0.902,and the Kappa coefficient was 0.859.Our results also indicated：（1）The mangrove at Maipo nature reserve covers about 346 hm^2 while it is about 89 hm^2 at Futian.Kandelia candel community is the leading dominant landscape type at Shenzhen Bay,and Avicennia marina community and Aegiceras corniculatum community are dominant communities;（2）The landscape fragmentation degree at Futian Reserve is higher than that at Maipo Reserve.In particular,the pattern of both local communities Avicennia marina community and Kandelia candel community fragmented seriously;（3） The landscape patch shape of Futian Reserve is square mostly,which indicated an effect of anthropogenic factor.On the contrary,the pattern at Maipo Reserve showed mainly an irregular distribution,indicated an effect of natural factor.

关 键 词：福田保护区 米埔保护区 红树林 导数光谱法 景观格局 

分 类 号：Q948.155[生物学—植物学]