砂姜黑土区玉米小麦高效施肥技术研究  

Study on High Efficient Fertilization Technology of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil Region

作　　者：杨焕焕 孙克刚[1] 和爱玲[1] 杜君[1] 张琨[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所,河南郑州450002 [3]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2017年第10期1646-1650,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部行业专项(201303103);河南科技厅攻关项目(152102110142);河南省财政预算项目;华北平原小麦-玉米轮作区高效施肥技术研究与示范(2015BAD23B02)

摘　　要：在驻马店地力为中低水平的砂姜黑土上进行玉米小麦田间试验,研究砂姜黑土区高效施肥技术。结果表明,与只施用磷钾肥相比,施用氮肥显著提高了玉米产量,玉米增产幅度为19.4%~41.8%,小麦增产幅度为35.4%~50.1%;小麦玉米2个试验点控释肥一次性基施处理产量达到最高,玉米达到8 803.5,9 137.0 kg/hm^2,与等氮量处理相比分别提高了91.5,289.5 kg/hm^2,小麦达到7 736.0,7 816.5 kg/hm^2,与等氮量处理相比提高了50.0,53.0 kg/hm^2,且控释肥处理提高了氮肥利用率,降低了土壤剖面硝态氮含量;在最佳施氮量的基础上减施20%的氮肥,玉米产量显著提高,说明与农民习惯施肥相比,可降低20%的施氮量,而小麦产量下降,说明与农民习惯施肥相比,减施氮肥存在减产风险。The field experiment of maize and wheat were carried out on lime concretion black soil region in Zhumadian to study the efficient fertilization technique. The results showed that the yield of maize increased from 19.4% to 41.8%, and the yield of wheat was35.4%-50.1%. The yield of the two test points was the highest, the yield of maize reached 8 803.5, 9 137.0 kg/hm^2, respectively, and 91.5 kg/hm^2 and 289.5 kg/hm^2 increased compared with the treatment with nitrogen, the wheat reached 7 736.0, 7 816.5 kg/hm^2,respectively, increased by 50.0 kg/hm^2 and 53.0 kg/hm^2, while the controlled-release fertilizer treatment increased the nitrogen use efficiency and reduced the nitrate content of soil profile. Compared with optimum nitrogen application, the maize yield increased significantly when the nitrogen input reduced by 20%, while the decline in wheat production, which indicated that there was a risk of production compared with the one of farmer conventional fertilization.

关 键 词：玉米 小麦 高效施肥技术 控释肥 产量 氮肥利用率 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]