中药材蒙古黄芪与膜荚黄芪优质种源的研究  

Study on High Quality Provenances of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge. var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hsiao and Astragalus. membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.

作　　者：胡艳改 杜宇忠 郝磊 刘亚令[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学生命科学学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2017年第10期1662-1666,1690,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学大学生科技创新创业项目(2015107);国家自然科学基金项目(31400285)

摘　　要：对山西浑源蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪及其变异类型以及不同产地蒙古黄芪种子千粒质量、硬实率和发芽率进行了研究。结果表明,山西浑源蒙古黄芪主要分为绿茎无毛、绿茎有毛、紫茎有毛和紫茎无毛4种类型,膜荚黄芪主要分为紫茎有毛、紫茎无毛和绿茎有毛3种类型;通过对不同年限蒙古黄芪的根长、根高等指标的比较得出,5年生野生蒙古黄芪的整体等级比3年生植株高,因此,扩大5年生野生蒙古黄芪的种植可满足一部分市场上对高品质外观要求的需求;通过对6个产地蒙古黄芪种子特性的分析得出,不同产地的种子发芽率和千粒质量相关性各不相同;而硬实率与发芽率则呈现显著的负相关,即硬实率越高发芽率越低,在实际生产中可通过破除硬实率来提高发芽率。This experiment studied Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.） Bge. var. mongholicus（Bge.） Hsiao and Astragalus.membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge. and its variation types in Hunyuan Shanxi, and different regions of Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge.var. mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao thousand-seed quality, hard seed rate and germination rate. The results showed that in Shanxi, Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge. var. mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao was divided into 4 types, green stems glabrous, green stems hairy, purple stems hairy, and purple stems glabrous, Astragalus. membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge. was divided into 3 types, the purple stems hairy purple stems glabrous and the green stem hairy. Based on the comparison of the root length and the root index of Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge. var. mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao root in different years, the overall level of 5 years old wild Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge. var. mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao was higher than that of the 3 years old plant. Therefore, the expansion of 5 years of cultivation of wild Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge. var. mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao could meet some of the market demand for high-quality appearance requirements. Analysis of the seed characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge. var. mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao by six producing areas, the seed germination rate and 1 000-grain quality of different origin were different, but there was a significant negative correlation between hard seed rate and germination rate, the higher the hard seed rate, the lower the germination rate.In actual production, improvement of the germination can be achieved by breaking the hard seed rate.

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪 膜荚黄芪 形态特征分析 发芽率 千粒质量 硬实率 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]