蒙东地区玉米田土壤线虫营养与生活史类群结构特征  

Structure of Soil Nematode Trophic Groups and Life History Groups in Maize Fields of Eastern Mongolia,China

作　　者：李晓兰[1] 相吉山[1] 张艾明[1] 王永 杨晓龙 LI Xiaolan XIANG Jishan ZHANG Aiming WANG Yong YANG Xiaolong(Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]赤峰学院,内蒙古赤峰024000

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2017年第3期185-191,共7页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31400459)

摘　　要：为进一步了解玉米田覆膜后对土壤生态系统的影响,本文对覆膜和未覆膜玉米田土壤线虫群落的营养类群和生活史类群结构特征进行了研究。结果表明:所调查的土壤中相对多度≥10%的属有巴兹尔属(Basiria)、真滑刃属(Aphelenchus)、丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus)、垫咽属(Tylencholaimus)、拟丽突属(Acrobeloides)和丽突属(Acrobeles),不同处理中土壤线虫个体数的顺序为覆膜1年>未覆膜>覆膜4年。覆膜处理影响了土壤线虫的营养类群和生活史类群的个体数和相对丰度,连续覆膜4年食真菌线虫、食细菌线虫和植物寄生线虫的个体数量均显著降低,捕食-杂食线虫数量稳定但相对丰度却显著增加;覆膜种植玉米4年后c-p2类群数量和相对丰度均显著降低而c-p4类群却显著增加。不同处理间F/B和NCR值无显著差异,但土壤分解主要依靠细菌分解途径。MI、MI2-5、MMI、MMI2-5和PPI指数在覆膜4年的处理中均显著增加,连续覆膜4年的玉米田土壤生态系统的稳定性增加。因此,线虫群落组成和结构的变化对玉米田土壤生态系统具有很好的指示作用。In order to further understand the effects of plastic film mulching on soil ecosystem,this paper studied the structure of soil nematode trophic groups and life history groups.The results showed that the relative density of Basiria,Aphelenchus,Filenchus,Tylencholaimus,Acrobeloides,Acrobeles was more than 10%,and the order of individual soil nematode in every 100 g dry soil in different treatments was Covering 1 year Not covered Covering 4 years.Plastic film mulching affected the number and relative density of soil nematode trophic groups and life history groups.The number of fungi-feeding nematodes,bacterial-feeding nematodes and plant parasitic nematodes decreased significantly in Covering 4 years,and the number of omnivore-predator nematodes was stable,while the relative abundance was significantly increased.On the other hand,the number and relative abundance of c-p2 were significantly decreased,while c-p4 increased.No significant differences were found in the F/B and NCR among different treatments.The soil decomposition was mainly depended on the bacterial decomposition pathway in all the surveyed maize fields.The MI、MI2-5、MMI、MMI2-5 and PPI were significantly increased in the 4-year treatment,which showed that the stability of soil ecosystem was increased by 4-year continuous mulching in maize fields.Therefore,the change of the composition and structure of nematode community has effective bio-indication on the soil ecosystem of maize fields.

关 键 词：覆膜 营养类群 c-p类群 成熟度指数 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]