不同节水措施下玉米灌溉制度及其产量研究  

Effect of Different Irrigating Treatments on Yield of Maize

作　　者：赵宣 韩霁昌[1,2,3] 王欢元 张扬[1,2,3] 孙婴婴 

机构地区：[1]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710075 [2]陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司,陕西西安710075 [3]国土资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《人民黄河》2017年第10期142-144,148,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201411008)

摘　　要：通过设置6种不同的灌溉措施,即沙地正常灌溉(T1)、喷灌(T2)、滴灌(T3)、复配土(T4)、复配土+喷灌(T5)、复配土+滴灌(T6),结合玉米不同生长时期需水量的特点,研究不同灌溉方式以及灌溉制度对玉米产量的影响,以期找到可以在陕北沙地大面积推广的节水灌溉措施。研究结果表明,相对于T1的灌水定额,T2和T3处理分别节水30%和35%;在T4处理下,已经达到滴灌措施下的节水效果;T5和T6处理下的灌水定额分别比T1处理下的减少了54%和58%。T1处理下,该地区灌溉期水资源平衡差为负值,而T2、T3、T4、T5、T6处理下水资源平衡差均为正值,分别为454.95万、604.95万、604.95万、1 204.95万、1 279.95万m^3/(a·hm^2)。从产量来看,T6和T5处理下玉米每公顷产量比T1分别高出4 275 kg和3 825 kg,增产了76%和68%。复配土+喷灌和复配土+滴灌这两种综合节水灌溉措施是可以在陕北沙地大面积推广的。The effect of different irrigating treatments on yield of maize was studied for finding out a possible way to be spread in the north of Shaanxi Province. Six different water-saving irrigation treatments were set,sand normal irrigation（ T 1）,sprinkler irrigation（T2）,drip irriga-tion （ T3）,compounded soil with soft rock and sand （ T4）,compounded soil with soft rock and sand ＋sprink1 er irrigation（ T5）,compounded soil with soft rock and sand ＋drip irrigation （ T6） were included. Data present that T2 and T3 can save water 30% and 35% compared to T 1. T4 shows up the same water-saving effect as T3. T5 and T6 can save water 54% and 58% compared to T1. The supply and demand balance of water resources during irrigation period were analyzed and we find out that the number under T1 is negative,the numbers under T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are all pasitive of 454.95x 104、604.95x 104、604.95x 104、1 204.95X 104 and 1 279.95x 104m3/ （ a ？ hm2） respectively,all positive. T6 increases the yield of maize by 4 275 kg （ 76%） compared to T 1. T5 increases by 3 825 kg （ 68%） compared to T1. It can be concluded that T5 and T6 irrigating treatments can be widely used in the north of Shaanxi Province.

关 键 词：灌溉方式 灌溉制度 节水措施 玉米 产量 陕北 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]