道路扬尘PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价  

Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Metallic Elements in PM_(2.5) Fraction of Road Dust

作　　者：张静 张衍杰 方小珍 李凤华 吴琳 毛洪钧 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院城市交通污染防治研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第10期4071-4076,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY112700-02);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC16B03)

摘　　要：为了分析和比较城市和公园道路扬尘(RD&PRD)中PM_(2.5)载带的部分金属元素的污染特征及其健康风险,本文利用再悬浮系统将道路扬尘中粒径小于2.5μm的颗粒物悬浮至滤膜上,分析了PM_(2.5)中载带的Na、Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ni、Sb、Zn、Cd和Pb等元素.结果显示,城市道路扬尘中Cu和Sb的平均含量为626 mg·kg^(-1)和23 mg·kg^(-1),明显高于公园道路扬尘(274 mg·kg^(-1)和11 mg·kg^(-1)),表明RD中Cu和Sb的含量可能受到非尾气(刹车磨损)排放的影响;地累计指数(I_(geo))分析显示,RD和PRD中Cd达到强到极强污染程度(4<I_(geo)<5),Cu、Sb、Zn和Pb为强或中到强污染程度(2<I_(geo)<4),Ni和Mn为未受污染到中度污染(I_(geo)<1).RD和PRD中的Cu、Ni、Sb、Zn、Cd和Pb尚不存在非致癌风险,Ni和Cd的终生致癌风险小于10^(-6),无致癌风险.In order to analyze and compare the pollution characteristics and risks to human health of metallic elements in the PM（2.5）fraction of urban road dust（ RD） and park road dust（ PRD）,particles smaller than 2. 5 μm were suspended to filters by a resuspension system and concentrations of Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu,Mn,Ni,Sb,Zn,Cd,and Pb were quantified. Results showed that the average concentrations of Cu and Sb in RD were 626 mg·kg^-1and 23 mg·kg^-1,significantly higher than that in PRD（ 274 mg·kg^-1and 11 mg·kg^-1）. This indicated that the elemental composition of RD was influenced by non-exhaust emissions. The geoaccumulation Index（ I（geo）） of each detected element showed that samples were strongly to extremely contaminated by Cd（ 4 I（geo） 5）,moderately to strongly contaminated by Cu,Sb,Zn,and Pb（ 2 I（geo） 4）,and uncontaminated to moderately contaminated by Ni and Mn（ I（geo）1）. The hazard index（ HI） values of Sb,Pb,Cu,Ni,Zn,and Cd were less than 1 and the incremental lifetime cancer risk（ ILCR）values of Ni and Cd were less than 10-（-6）,indicating that these elements of RD and PRD are not associated with any cancer risks or noncancer health risks.

关 键 词：道路扬尘 PM2.5 金属元素 地累计指数 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4