美国白蛾两种色型的研究及其对我国美国白蛾防控的启示  

Observation of black-headed and red-headed races of Hyphatria cunea in the eastern US,with implications to populations in China

作　　者：孙守慧[1] 孙丽丽[1] 邓煜[1] 林枫 南俊科 SUN Shouhui et al(College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2017年第5期13-18,共6页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费(项目号:201404413);国家自然基金项目(31370648)

摘　　要：美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)在发源地北美洲分布于加拿大南部至墨西哥北部,并有黑头型和红头型之分。通过调查美国中东部13个州的美国白蛾发现:美国中东部的湿润大陆性气候区,黑头型分布占优势,在亚热带湿润气候区,红头型分布占优势,黑头型分布比率呈现北高南低的分布趋势,红头型则正好相反;在调查所涉及的5个生态省中,大陆性气候阔叶林较适合黑头型生存,东南部混交林更适合红头型生存。基于美国白蛾黑头型和红头型在幼虫形态、网幕结构、地理分布和寄主偏好等方面都存在较大差异,对我国美国白蛾防控提出假设:如果美国白蛾黑头型进一步传播到我国南方省区,其危害程度可能要弱于其在我国北方的危害,如果红头型传入我国,尤其在南方地区可能会造成更为严重的危害。应加强检疫,严格控制美国白蛾红头型传入我国。Fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea（ Drury）,is distributed in North America from southern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico,with populations consisting of both black-headed and red-headed races.We surveyed 13 states in the eastern US to evaluate fall webworm distribution. The black-headed race was predominantly in the north in the humid continental（ warm summer） climate and eastern broadleaf forest（ continental） provinces,and the red-headed race was in the south in humid subtropical climate and the southeastern mixed forest provinces. We found striking differences in larval morphology,shape of tents,geographic distribution and host preference. Based on these observations,a hypothesis had been proposed： the threat of black-headed race may be weaker than that of in northern China if it further spreads to southern China provinces in the future; red-headed race will pose a greater threat to trees if it is introduced into China,particularly in southern regions. In summary,the quarantine measures should be strengthened to prevent the introduction of red-headed race of H. cunea（ Drury）.

关 键 词：美国白蛾 黑头型 红头型 幼虫形态 美国 分布 寄主树木 

分 类 号：S763.42[农业科学—森林保护学]