青稞全蚀病和根腐病生防毛壳菌的筛选及鉴定  

Screening and Identification of Biological Control Chaetomium of Root Rot and Take-all Disease in Hulless Barley

作　　者：岳海梅 庄华[2] 巩文峰[1] 张新军 

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西藏高原生态研究所,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2017年第10期1390-1397,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360006);旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(CSBAA2016006);作物学科建设项目(2015ZWXKJS;2016ZWXKJS)

摘　　要：青稞根腐病与青稞全蚀病是西藏青稞的常见根部病害,为筛选适合于防治青稞全蚀病与根腐病的毛壳菌,通过皿内拮抗试验、发酵粗提物抑菌试验和温室盆栽防效试验对4株毛壳菌的抑菌活性进行了鉴定,通过形态学和分子生物学方法对高活性菌株进行了鉴定。结果发现,在皿内拮抗试验中,毛壳菌41-4在培养第7天至第9天时,对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到60.00%和44.44%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.4cm。培养7d时毛壳菌41-4发酵粗提物对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到64.44%和60.00%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.5cm。在温室盆栽防效试验中,毛壳菌41-4对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的发病严重度和病情指数均有降低作用,防效分别达到62.67%和39.45%。结合形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(rDNAITS)序列构建系统发育树,将菌株41-4鉴定为球毛壳菌Chaetomium globosum。该生防菌株可用于开发微生物菌肥,对西藏的无公害农业生产和保护西藏的原生态具有重要意义。The root rot and take-all disease in hulless barley are common rot diseases in Tibet highland. To screen out of suitable Chaetomium spp. for controlling root rot and take-all disease in hulless barley,four strains of Chaetomium spp. were selected,and the strains with strong antibacterial activity were screened by the antagonistic test,the crude extract of the fermentation and the pot experiment. The high activity strain was identified by morphological and molecular biology methods. In the dish antagonistic experiment,Chaetomium 41-4 presented stable and obvious inhibitory effect on root rot and take-all disease in hulless barley during 7 to 9 culture days,with the inhibition rate of 60% and 44.44%,respectively,and the extent of inhibition zone reached to 1.4 cm; in fermentation extracts antibacterial experiment,the performance of Chaetomium 41-4 exhibited stable antibacterial effect on root rot and take-all disease at 7th culture day,with the inhibition rate of 64.44% and 60.00%,respectively,and the extent of inhibition zone reached to 1.5 cm; in the greenhouse control effect experiment,Chaetomium 41-4 play a control effect in reducing the incidence of severity and disease index for root rot and take-all disease,with the control effect rate of 62.67% and 39.45%,respectively.Chaetomium 41-4 has been screened to have better biological control effect,and this strain has also been identified as C.globosum according to its morphological characteristics,rDNA internal transcribed spacer（rDNA-ITS） sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The biocontrol strains could be available in the development of microbial fertilizer,which is important to pollution-free agricultural production and ecological protection in Tibet.

关 键 词：青稞全蚀病 青稞根腐病 毛壳菌 筛选 鉴定 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学] S432.4