γ电离辐射对斑马鱼胚胎肝、脾和肾发育形态学的影响  

Effect of γ-ray Irradiation on Developmental Morphology of Liver,Spleen and Pronephros in Zebrafish Embryo

作　　者：冯永富[1] 胡南[1] 丁德馨[1] 赵维超[1] 胡淼[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学铀矿冶生物技术国防重点学科实验室,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2017年第10期1886-1892,共7页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国防基础重点基金资助项目(B3720132001);国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(U1401231);国防基础科研计划资助项目(JCKY2016403C001)

摘　　要：为研究γ电离辐射对水生生物重要器官发育形态学的影响,以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为模式生物,研究了胚胎发育早期(受精后5h,5hpf)接受急性γ辐照(累积剂量为0.25、0.5、1Gy,剂量率为47.79cGy/min)后,受精后3d(3dpf)的幼鱼卵黄囊面积以及3dpf和5dpf的幼鱼肝、肾和脾发育形态学的变化。结果显示:3dpf的幼鱼卵黄囊面积随剂量的增大而增大;3dpf的幼鱼肝脏中空泡增加、肝脏局部出现空洞;5dpf的幼鱼肝脏尺寸缩减、肝细胞内空泡增加且细胞核变形、血窦较小以及有核红细胞变形等;但前肾和脾的发育形态并没有出现异常。随后对3dpf的幼鱼肝细胞超微结构进行观察,发现γ辐照使幼鱼肝脏细胞线粒体受损、核膜间隙扩大、粗面内质网排列混乱等。以上结果表明,γ辐照对胚胎卵黄吸收有抑制作用,并呈一定的剂量依赖性,胚胎肝脏的发育形态在显微及亚显微结构上都发生了改变。Zebrafish was used as a model organism to study the effects ofγ-ray irradiation on the developmental morphology of important organs in the aquatic organisms.Different doses of gamma rays（0.25,0.5,1Gy）at the dose rate of 47.79cGy/min were used to irradiate zebrafish embryos at early development stage（5hours post-fertilization,5hpf）.The changes of yolk sac area at 3days post-fertilization（3dpf）and the changes of the morphology of liver,spleen and pronephros at 3dpf and 5dpf afterγ-ray irradiation were analyzed,respectively.It is found that the area of yolk sac in larvalzebrafish at 3dpf increases withγ-ray irradiation dose in a dose-dependent manner.The vacuoles increase and some cavities occur in liver of larval zebrafish at 3dpf.The developmental morphology of liver in larval zebrafish at 5dpf is abnormal,including the reduction in liver size,the increase of vacuoles in liver cells,the deformation of hepatocyte nucleus,the relatively small hepatic sinusoid and the deformation of nucleated erythrocyte and so on,but the developmental morphology of pronephros and spleen are normal.The ultrastructure of liver cells at 3dpf shows thatγ-ray irradiation can impair mitochondria of liver cells,broaden the intermembrane space of cell nuclei,spoil the arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum and so on.The results show thatγ-ray irradiation can inhibit the absorption of the yolk in embryos in a dose-dependent manner and change the microscopic and submicroscopic structure of the livers in embryos.

关 键 词：斑马鱼胚胎 Γ辐照 形态学 生物标志物 

分 类 号：Q136[生物学—普通生物学]