科学的国家化进程:一种比较分析  

A Comparative Study of the National Institutionalization of Science

作　　者：王晓艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学文法学院

出　　处：《学术前沿》2017年第19期80-87,共8页Frontiers

摘　　要：科学的国家化进程分为自上而下和自下而上两种方式,以英国为代表的科学原发型国家采用的是自下而上的路径,法国和德国以自上而下为主,大多数国家则是两种方式相互补充,互相结合。相比于求知,致用是科学在国家层面完成制度化的关键动因,其中,战争和经济是科学的国家化进程快速发展的两个主要因素。根据世界各国的国家科学制度化的方式和特点可以将这些国家分为四种类型,其中两类国家依赖自然资源和工业基础成功实现赶超,而另外两类则还在摸索和发展之中。科学制度化在世界各国的完成均是将核心国家的科学体制、科学理念和文化在边缘国家进行本土化移植,科学制度化进程在不同国家呈现的状态相似度更高、包容性更强。由此,科学本身的概念也因国家层面制度化进程的推进从认知维度拓展到了社会维度。There are two different approaches of national institutionalization of science： top-down and bottom-up. Britain as a scientific original country adopts the bottom-up approach, while Francal purposes are the key motice and Germany mainly use the top-down approach, and most other countries take a mix of the two. Compared with seeking knowledge, practivation for completing the institutionalization of science at the national level, two of which are war and econom）~ There are four different types of countries in the world according to the approaches and characteristics of their national institutionalization of science; two types of them have caught up due to their natural resources and industrial foundation, while the other two have been exploring and developing. National institutionalization of science in various countries has always been a process of introducing the scientific institution, concepts and culture from the major countries to the marginalized countries, so that we can find that this process appears to be highly similar and inclusive in different countries. In the meanwhile, the concept of science has expanded from the cognitive dimension to the social dimension along with the national institutionalization of science.

关 键 词：科学 国家 制度化 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]