连续施用枝条堆肥对梨树根系生长及分布的影响  

Effect of continuous application of pruning compost on the growth and distribution of pear roots

作　　者：范学山[1] 康亚龙 姜海波[1] 伍从成 宋瑞娟 谢昶琰 董彩霞[1] 徐阳春[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江中下游植物营养与肥料重点实验室.江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室.江苏省协同创新中心.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第10期1274-1285,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-15)

摘　　要：【目的】通过比较连续4 a(年)施用梨树修剪枝条制作的堆肥对梨树根系生长的影响,研究梨树修剪枝条堆肥在梨园中应用的可行性。【方法】2012—2015年以10 a生‘早酥’梨树为试材,按等养分和等有机质的原则,以化肥和羊粪处理为对照,研究长期施用枝条堆肥对梨园土壤理化性质、梨树根系生长和分布以及梨产量和品质的影响。【结果】与施化肥处理相比较,施用枝条堆肥,增加了土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾以及土壤有机质含量;施用枝条堆肥增加了梨树根系总根长、总表面积、根尖数;施用枝条堆肥增加了水平方向0~40 cm、120~160 cm和160~200 cm和垂直方向0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层范围内根系的分布密度,尤其在30~60 cm土层,枝条堆肥处理下吸收根分布最为显著;施用枝条堆肥促进了以极细根为主的吸收根的生长;施用枝条堆肥显著增加了梨单果质量,提高了梨产量,增加了果实中可溶性固形物含量,提高了果实糖酸比。【结论】连续4 a施用枝条堆肥改善了土壤的理化性质,促进了梨树根系生长,扩大梨树吸收根和粗根的分布范围与分布密度,提高了梨产量,改善了梨品质。[ Objective] Annual pruning in pear orchards leaded to a large number of branches which contain abundant mineral nutrients. Traditionally, pruned branches are stacked optionally, or burned as fuel, and both methods lead to loss of nutrients. It is important to use these solid waste resources and recycle their nutrients. Composting is a way to turn the wasted prunings to a useful organic fertilizer. Long-term applications of organic fertilizer had profound effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Moreover, the application of organic fertilizer also promotes the growth of plant roots, affecting the yield and quality. However, it is not clear about application of pruning compost into pear orchard. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of pruning compost on soil properties, root growth and distribution, yield and quality in pear. [Methods] The experiment was conducted on 10-year-old ＇Zaosu＇ pear trees for 4 consecutive years. Based on the equal mineral nutrients and organic matter, the treatments included pruning compost （PC）, sheep manure （SM） used as traditional organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer set as the control （CF）. Randomized block design was used for this experiment, with three replicates in each treatment. At the harvest in 2015, a soil excavating method was used to sample roots, and nine trees with average vigor were selected from each treatment for root sampling. Root images were obtained by root scanner, and root feature parameters such as root length, root surface area, root volume were analyzed. Furthermore, the experiment also studied effects on yield and quality of pear. [Results] （1） PC significantly in- creased the contents of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil, which was 1.44 times of the control. Soil organic matter, available P and available K contents were increased by 25.7%, 30.3% and 7.5% in PC treatment compared with the control, respectively. （2） PC and SM significantly increased the total root length, total root

关 键 词：梨树 枝条堆肥 羊粪 土壤 根系 吸收根 产量 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]