河西走廊不同砧木对‘贵人香’葡萄生长与果实品质的影响  

Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of 'Italian Riesling' in Hexi Corridor

作　　者：郝燕[1] 马麒龙 张坤[1] 白耀栋 杨瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃白龙江林业管理局河西综合开发局,甘肃高台734300

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第10期1286-1293,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-30-21);甘肃省酿酒葡萄专项资金(甘发改投资﹝2015﹞1096号)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同砧木处理对‘贵人香’葡萄生长及果实品质的影响。【方法】以12个砧木与‘贵人香’葡萄进行绿枝嫁接,以‘贵人香’葡萄扦插自根苗为对照,对植株的枝条生长情况、果粒质量、产量、糖酸含量以及果实中酚类物质含量等进行对比分析。【结果】供试砧木‘圣乔治’‘5BB’‘101-14’‘SO_4’‘110R’和‘3309C’的枝条节间长度比对照增加了11.24%~19.95%。参试砧木对枝条粗度无影响,但‘5C’‘520a’‘110R’和‘贝达’枝条髓心直径分别比对照减小了20.72%、20.17%、19.06%和11.88%,显著增加了枝条成熟度。‘Flourilush’和‘贝达’增加了果穗质量和产量,其中‘Flourilush’产量最高,比对照增加10.47%,‘110R’单穗质量最高,增幅23.52%,同时发现‘520a’‘420’和‘5C’果穗质量、果粒质量和产量均比对照显著降低;不同砧木对‘贵人香’果实中还原糖含量的影响不同,其中‘SO_4’‘420’和‘5BB’分别比对照提高了15.78%、11.66%和10.61%,‘Flourilush’比对照减少了10.04%;‘5BB’‘420’‘1103P’‘520a’‘圣乔治’和‘3309C’砧穗组合显著提高了果实中糖酸比,比对照增加了7.97%~42.15%,‘5BB’明显降低了果实中可滴定酸含量,‘5C’中的可滴定酸含量远远大于对照。各砧穗组合对果实p H影响较小。供试砧木多数可提高果实总酚及单宁含量,以‘101-14’‘420’‘110R’‘贝达’和‘5C’砧木效果较为显著。‘420’‘3309C’‘101-14’和‘Flourilush’显著增加了冰酒原料中的可溶性固形物,冰酒原料采收期(10月2日至26日)‘101-14’砧穗组合果实中可溶性固形物积累速率最快,从29.63%增加至40.30%,相反,‘110R’砧穗组合果实中可溶性固形物积累增幅最小,仅由24.77%增加至28.27%,采收时显著低于对照。【结论】在河西走廊产区,通过适宜砧木选配可促进葡萄枝条的生长,且可以提高葡[Objective ] The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the growth, biomass, yield and fruit quality of Italian Riesling grape. Proper rootstocks may enhance the adaptability and resistance of grape cultivars. It may also improve their growth, berry masses and quality. However, the effects of rootstocks on grapes varied with scion varieties, site conditions and cultivation measures. This study was conducted to find the most suitable rootstocks for growth and development of ＇Italian Riesling＇ grape in Gansu Hexi Corridor. [Methods] ＇Italian Riesling＇ grape was grafted onto 12 different rootstocks, including ＇101-14＇ ＇520a＇ ＇3309C＇ ＇SO4＇ ＇420＇ ＇1103P＇ ＇St George＇ ＇110R＇ ＇Flourilush＇ ＇Beta＇ ＇5C＇ and ＇5BB＇, self-root seedlings were used as the control. The effects of root- stocks on branch growth, average cluster masses, berry masses, soluble solids, titratable acids, reducing sugars, phenols and tannins were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the experimental station of the Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gaotai, where it has an annual rainfall of 103 mm, an annual evaporation of 2 000 ram, and deep and loose sandy loam soils. The seedlings of the twelve rootstocks and the self-rooted Italian Riesling seedlings were planted in Spring, 2011. The grafting was made on green shoots in May to June, 2012. Shoot lengths, shoot diame- ters, average cluster mass, average berry mass and yield were collected, and the contents of soluble solids, reducing sugars, titratable acids, phenols and tannins in the peel were measured. [Results] The results showed that Italian Riesling grafted on ＇ 101-14＇ ＇ 3309C＇ ＇SO4＇ ＇ St George＇ ＇ 110R＇ and ＇ 5BB＇ root- stocks had obviously higher lengths of the forth internode. ＇ 5C＇ ＇ 520a＇ ＇ 110R＇ and ＇ Beta＇ significantly decreased the pith diameter of the forth internode, sign of increased shoo

关 键 词：'贵人香’葡萄 河西走廊 砧木 枝条生长 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]