不同砧木对西瓜镉积累和品质的影响  

Effects of different stocks on the accumulation of cadmium and fruit quality in watermelon

作　　者：王志伟 李涵[3,4] 孙波[3] 孙小武[3] 梁志怀[5] 谢汉忠 

机构地区：[1]河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室,郑州450009 [2]湖南省蔬菜研究所,长沙410125 [3]湖南农业大学园艺园林学院,长沙410128 [4]湖南省作物研究所,长沙410125 [5]湖南省农业生物技术研究中心,长沙410125

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第10期1309-1315,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室开放基金(HNS-201508-08);西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-26-09);湖南省青年人才联合培养基金(14JJ6070)

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同砧木对西瓜根、茎、叶和果实等不同部位镉的积累规律,不同砧木对西瓜果实品质的影响,评价嫁接西瓜生产的安全性,筛选低积累高品质嫁接砧木。【方法】以‘早佳8424’为接穗,以‘野郎’‘西嫁强生’等8个品种为砧木,采用顶插接的方法,爬地栽培,2蔓整枝,留1果。果实成熟后测定根、不同部位茎、叶和果实镉含量,测定单瓜质量、果型指数、中心糖和边糖含量等品质性状。【结果】不同砧木嫁接西瓜植株各部位茎叶镉的积累规律为基部>中部>上部,西瓜果实镉含量低于食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量GB 2762—2012规定的0.05 mg·kg^(-1),通过对果实镉含量和品质的测定,初步筛选出T1和T5在降低西瓜果实镉含量的同时,增产效果显著。【结论】不同砧木对西瓜镉的积累规律与实生苗相比存在差异,葫芦砧木增加了果实中的镉含量,因此应根据生产需要选择高积累或低积累砧木用于生产。[Objective]Watermelon （Citrullus lanatus） is loved by people because of its juicy and sweet interior flesh, especially in summer. Watermelon has long been and widely cultivated in Hunan, with about 140 000 hm2 planting area per year, ranking the 4th in China. Because of the considerable economic bene- fits, watermelon is becoming an important horticultural crop in the province. Along with the adjustment of crop structure in heavy metal contaminated areas in Hunan province, trials of watermelon planting in these areas are underway. For sustainable development of local industry, it is important to use proper root- stocks. Studies of the characters of cadmium （Cd） accumulation in grafted watermelon are necessary for sustainable development of watermelon industry in heavy metal polluted areas. [ Methods] We used top plug for grafting, ＇8424＇ as the scion, and eight rootstocks including 3 ＇Yelang＇ lines （T1-T3）, ＇Qiangzhen 1＇ （T4）, ＇Xijiaqingsheng＇ （T5）, ＇Jingxinzhenwang＇ （T6）, ＇ Qingpingtiemujia＇ （TT） and ＇ nuangjindadang＇ （T8）. The grafted plants were trained into a 2-truss trellis system with each truss bearing one fruit. When fruit ripened, cadmium contents in root, stems at different positions, leaves and fruit were mea- sured, and data of single fruit weight, fruit shape index, and quality traits were collected. [Results]The results showed that root Cd content in different rootstocks had significant difference. T5 and T8 roots had a cadmium content 32.6% and 36.9% lower than the non-grafted plants, respectively. Cd content in T4 root was 0.109 mg· kg-1, 77.7% higher than the seedling roots. The basal stem in grafted watermelon plants had a Cd content in the range of 0.028 6-0.086 6 mg·kg-1, i.e. 27.9%-84.4% of that of the seedlings （0.102 6 rag＂ kg-~）, and Cd content in T2, T3 and T5 was the lowest, being 0.043, 0.038 6 and 0.028 6 mg· kg-1, respectively. However, the Cd content in the central stem of T4 rooted plants increased significantly co

关 键 词：西瓜 砧木 镉 积累规律 品质 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]