嗜热四膜虫在评价珠江广州段水体中的应用初探  

Application of tetrahymena thermophila monitoring in pearl river of Guangzhou segment

作　　者：刘雨果 杜进林 梁慧丽[2] 王亚军[2] 潘厚军[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东医科大学公共卫生学院实验教学中心,广东东莞523000 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广东广州510380

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第20期3805-3809,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东医学院科研基金面上培育项目(M2014015);湛江市非资助科技攻关计划项目(2015B01137);农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术948项目(2011-Z11;2016-X57);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2017A030313172)

摘　　要：目的探讨嗜热四膜虫在水质监测中的应用。方法采集广州段几处水体培养嗜热四膜虫,分析种群数量和世代时间的变化。同时测定水体中非生物环境因子,在此基础上分析四膜虫生物指标与水质指标的相关性。结果 (1)与对照组相比,四膜虫生长速度呈中游>下游>上游的分布,世代时间呈上游>下游>中游分布,多重比较和聚类分析显示中游与上、下游差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)生化需氧量中游为Ⅲ类标准,其他均超过Ⅴ类标准。溶解氧为Ⅱ~Ⅴ类水标准。氨氮超过Ⅴ类标准。高锰酸盐指数为Ⅱ~Ⅴ类标准。中游的金属元素为Ⅰ类标准,上游和下游的铅、铜均为Ⅲ类标准,六价铬超过Ⅴ类标准。石油类上游和中游低于标准限值(1 mg·L^(-1)),下游比标准限值高出1倍以上。(3)四膜虫世代时间与五日生化需氧量、氨氮呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论广州段上游和下游受有机物、重金属污染突出,下游石油类污染严重。四膜虫的世代时间对该流域中的BOD5、氨氮指标有初步指示作用。Objective To explore the application of tetrahymena thermophila to water quality monitoring. Methods The population growth and generation times of tetrahymena thermophila cultured in different sampling sites from Guangzhou segment of pearl river were collected and analysed. The physicochemical parameters of water were measured simultaneously. Based on that, the correlation was detected between ecological indexs and non-biologic environmental factors. Results The growth rate of T.thermophila in midstream was the fastest,while the generation time of T.thermophila in upstream was the longest. Midstream presented statistically significant difference from upstream and downstream in multiple comparisons and cluster analysis. The level of BOD5 at the midstream belonged to Ⅲgrade and the others got more than V grade. The level of DO belonged to Ⅱ - Ⅴ grade. The level of NH3-N belonged to more than V grade. The level of CODMn belonged to Ⅱ Ⅴ grade. The level of metals belonged to Ⅰgrade at the midstream. The level of Pb and Cu belonged to Ⅲ grade and the content of Cr6＋ belonged to more than V grade in upstream and downstream. The content of petroleum was under standard limit in upstream and midstream, and it＇s standard limit was more than one time in downstream. There were significantly negative correlations in BOD5, NH3-N and generation times （P〈 0.05）. Conclusion The pollution of Guangzhou segment in upstream and downstream is mainly organic pollutants and heavy metals while it is a serious degree of petroleum in downstream. The generation time of T.thermophila can indicate preliminary BOD5 and NH3-N of Guangzhou segment.

关 键 词：嗜热四膜虫 水体污染 世代时间 聚类分析 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]