西安方言中的过去时时制助词“来”  

The Particle “Lai” in the Past Tense in Xi'an Dialect

作　　者：年玉萍 NIAN Yuping(College of Literature and Journalism and Communication, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院文学与新闻传播学院,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2017年第5期63-68,共6页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(15JZ004)

摘　　要：西安方言中的过去时时制助词"来"用法比较普遍。在陈述句和疑问句中大量使用,但感叹句和祈使句中不能使用。"来"可以出现在动宾短语的后边,也可以直接跟在动词后边,还可以省略动词,出现在名词性的词语后边。"来"不能省略,主要表示过去的时间,"来"后边加语气词"咧"后还可以表示现在完成体、进行体或将来时。西安方言中还有一些"来"也表示时间,但是和时制助词"来"不同。The use of ＂lai＂ as an aspectual particle in Xi＇ an dialect is common. ＂Lai＂ usually can be used in interrogative sentences and declarative sentences, but not in exclamation sentences or imper- ative sentences. ＂Lai＂ can appear at the back of the verb-object phrase, directly follow verbs, and ap- pear at the back of a noun phrase with no verb. ＂Lai＂ cannot be omitted and mainly used in the past time. The modal particle ＂lie＂ following ＂lai＂ can denote the perfect tense, the progressive tense and the future tense. ＂Lai＂ in Xi＇ an dialect sometimes signifies time, but this usage is different from the as- pectual particle ＂lai＂.

关 键 词：西安方言 时制助词 “来” 语法 语义 焦点 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]