基于最小累积阻力模型的北京市生态用地规划研究  

Ecological land use planning for Beijing City based on the minimum cumulative resistance model

作　　者：张继平[1,2,3] 乔青 刘春兰[1,2,3] 王海华 裴厦[1,2,3] ZHANG Jiping QIAO Qing LIU Chunlan WANG Haihua PEI Sha(Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China State Environmental Protection Engineering （Beijing） Center for Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [2]国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [3]国家环境保护工业废水污染控制工程技术(北京)中心,北京100037

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第19期6313-6321,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(8154046;5164031);北京市科技计划项目(Z161100001116017);国家自然科学基金(41371486)

摘　　要：生态用地规划强调对区域生态系统结构与功能的保护,增强社会经济发展的生态环境支撑能力。从保障首都基本生态安全、改善大气环境质量、建设宜居城市的角度出发,通过对北京市生态重要性进行综合评价,明确北京市重要生态用地空间分布特征。在此基础上,采用最小累积阻力模型(MCR),以重要生态用地为"源",以土地覆被类型、距道路距离和距居民点距离作为阻力因子生成阻力面,模拟重要生态用地空间扩张过程,进而设置生态用地规划情景,并从景观连通性、生态功能保障度及与现状建设用地冲突情况等3个方面对不同情景下的生态用地规划方案进行保护效能评价,最终提出北京市生态用地的适宜规模和优化布局方案。研究结果表明:北京市重要生态用地总面积为9879 km^2,占市域总面积的60.20%;生态用地的适宜规模为12417 km^2,占市域总面积的75.67%,其中,平原区生态用地的适宜规模为2944 km^2,占平原区总面积的46.45%,主要分布于建成区的外围过渡地带;山区生态用地的适宜规模为9473 km^2,占山区总面积的94.05%。Ecological land planning places emphasis on protecting the structure and function of regional ecological systems and reinforcing the eco-environmental support capacity of social-economic development. Allowing for the comprehensive consideration of ecological security demands, air-quality improvement requirements, and livable city needs, we firstly identified pivotal ecological land based on an integrated evaluation of the ecological importance of Beijing City. Ecological importance was evaluated using an analysis of ecological quality and function. The key areas, with great importance to the improvement of the atmospheric and residential environments, were identified. Ecological quality was based on vegetation coverage and biomass using 3S technology. The ecological functions of water conservation, soil conservation, and biodiversity maintenance were evaluated using the integrated water storage capacity calculation, the universal soil loss equation, and InVEST （Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs） model, respectively. Forest resource inventory data were used to identify key areas with great importance to the improvement of atmospheric environmental quality. Distribution maps of forest parks, nature reserves, water source conservation areas, and scenic spots were used to identify key areas of great importance to the improvement of residential environments. Pivotal ecological land was finally identified by spatial overlay analysis using the ArcGIS 10.1 software platform. Secondly, we considered the pivotal ecological land as the ＂source,＂ and built upon the resistance surface according to land use type, distance to roads, and distance to settlements to run the minimum cumulative resistance model and simulate the spatial expansion of ecological land. From this, we established three planning scenarios for ecological land. Thirdly, ecological protection effectiveness under different planning scenarios was evaluated by analyzing landscape patterns, protection levels for ecological function

关 键 词：生态用地 最小累积阻力模型(MCR) 土地利用规划 北京市 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]