西藏野生宽叶韭的繁育更新特性研究  

Reproductive development characteristics of Tibetan wild Allium hookeri Thwaites

作　　者：王忠红[1] 王陆州[1] 关志华[1] 陈双臣[1,2] WANG Zhonghong WANG Luzhou GUAN Zhihua CHEN Shuangchen(Xizang Agriclture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Xizang 860000, China College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology ,Luoyang , Henan 471003, China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第10期122-128,136,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260478);西藏农牧学院柔性人才引进项目(RXR201506)

摘　　要：【目的】明确西藏野生宽叶韭的繁育更新特性。【方法】通过实地观察,分析宽叶韭的无性繁殖及开花结实特性,测定宽叶韭种子的形态特征、吸水与发芽规律;以温度(4,10,15,17.5,20,22.5,25,30,35,40℃)和贮藏时间(14个月和2个月)为考察因素,研究其对宽叶韭种子发芽率的影响。【结果】(1)西藏野生宽叶韭为冬季倒苗型,可分蘖无性繁殖和种子有性繁殖;(2)开花结实期为8-10月份,平均每花序有小花56.33个,开放授粉下小花结实率98.72%,每小花结籽1~4粒不等,结1粒种子的小花占83.48%,结2粒种子的占15.42%,结3~4粒种子的极少;套袋自交下小花结实率18.35%,每小花有种子1~5粒不等,结1粒种子的小花占73.17%,结2粒种子的占23.78%,结3~5粒种子的极少;(3)种子椭球形,横径1.93mm,纵径3.41mm,百粒质量0.987 7g;(4)在20℃恒温下浸种以4h为宜,最长不超过30h,否则种子内含物大量外渗,可能影响种子发芽;(5)种子常温下贮藏1年以后发芽率急剧下降,短期贮藏(2个月)对发芽率无影响,发芽适温为15~25℃,长期置于10℃下也能达到很好的发芽效果。【结论】西藏野生宽叶韭具有性和无性2种繁殖方式,开放授粉和套袋自交均能结籽,种子发芽适温为15~25℃。【Objective】This paper explored the reproductive development and seed characteristics of Tibetan wild Allium hookeri Thwaites.【Method】Through field observation,asexual reproduction,flowering characteristics,morphological characteristics,water absorption and seed germination of A.hookeri were examined.Effects of temperature（4,10,15,17.5,20,22.5,25,30,35,and 40℃）and storage time（14months and 2months）on germination rate of A.hookeri seeds were also investigated.【Result】（1）Tibetan wild A.hookeri withered during the winter,and reproduced asexually by tillering and sexual reproduction through seeds.（2）The flowering and fruiting period was from August to October.There were 56.33 flowers per inflorescence with setting rate of 98.72%in open pollination status.There were 1to 4seeds per flower,83.48% with 1seed,15.42% with 2seeds,and very small amount with 3-4seeds.The setting percentage was 18.35% with bagged self-pollination method.There were 1to 5seeds per flower,73.17% with1 seed,23.78% with 2seeds,and very small amount with 3-5seeds.（3）The seeds were oval,and the transverse and longitudinal diameters were 1.93 mm and 3.41 mm,respectively.The weight per 100 seeds was 0.987 7g.（4）Optimum duration for seed presoaking at 20 ℃ was 4hours.The maximum time for seed presoaking should not exceed 30 hours,otherwise the hydroquinone extracts would infiltrate and seed germination was affected.（5）Germination rate declined sharply after 1year in storage at normal temperature,while short-term storage for no more than 2months had no significant effect.The optimum germination temperature was 15-25℃,and storage at 10℃for a long time also had highly positive effect on germination.【Conclusion】Tibetan wild A.hookeri can propagate both sexually and asexually.Both cross pollination and selfing through bagging can produce seeds.Optimum temperature for germination is 15 to 25℃.

关 键 词：宽叶韭 分蘖繁殖 开花结实 种子特性 吸水规律 

分 类 号：S633.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]