略论宋代地方添差官的演变  

A Brief Review on the Evolution of Local Extra Officials in Song Dynasty

作　　者：贾玉英[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学中国古代史研究中心,河南开封475001

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第5期122-127,共6页Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"宋元明清中央监察机构的演变及其职能变迁"(项目编号:13AZS011)的中期成果

摘　　要：传统结论认为,添差官的出现是宋朝官吏冗滥的结果或表现。其实,就宋代地方添差官的设置而言,是宋神宗为了便于推行改革措施或解决政务之需。宋哲宗朝大批变革派被贬为地方添差监当官、宗室添差地方官制度出台、归朝和归明人添差地方官的出现,使地方添差官的性质复杂化。宋徽宗将宗室添差地方官分为厘务和不厘务两类,地方添差官性质分化、数量增加,且逐渐遍及州县。南宋为了激励将士英勇作战,将退役兵官、离军将佐、十三处立战功人相继安置为地方添差官,归正、归附者可多次添差地方官,使地方添差官数量进一步增加。南宋添差通判大多厘务且置公廨,后逐步演变为地方官僚实体的重要组成部分。地方添差官演变过程折射出宋代不同时期的时代特色。According to the traditional conclusion,the emergence of extra government officials is the result and performance of officials'redundancy in Song Dynasty.In fact,the setting of extra government officials in Song Dynasty was for Emperor Song Shenzong to implement reforms or solve government needs.Later,Emperor Song Zhezong degraded a large number of reformers to the position of extra government officials,the system of imperial local extra government officials was introduced and leaders of southwestern ethnic minorities and people who returned to Song court were delegated as extra government officials.All these have made the nature of local extra government officials'complicated.Emperor Song Huizong divided imperial local extra government officials into two types of those who take charge of the likin and those who do not.The nature of local extra government officials has also been differentiated and the scale has been increased to cover all of the states.To inspire soldiers to fight bravely,the retired military officers,retired generals and people who made battle achievement in thirteen places would be placed as the local extra government officials in Southern Song Dynasty.In the Southern Song Dynasty,the majority of the local magistrates managed the likin and had the district inn.Later,it was gradually transformed into an important part of the local bureaucracy.The evolution of the local extra government officials reflected the characteristics of the Song Dynasty in different periods.

关 键 词：宋代 地方添差官 冗官 宋代官制 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]