果实膨大期分次施氮对苹果氮素吸收利用及土壤累积动态的影响  

Effects of Topdressing Nitrogen Application During Apple Swollen Stage on Absorption,Utilization and Soil Accumulation of Nitrogen

作　　者：彭玲[1] 王芬[1] 田歌[1] 于波[1] 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] PENG Ling WANG Fen TIAN Ge YU Bo GE Shunfeng JIANG Yuanmao(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai＇ an, Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2017年第5期287-291,297,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31501713);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2015PC001);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-28)

摘　　要：以6a生苹果为试材,采用^(15) N同位素示踪技术,研究了果实膨大期等氮量分次(1次,2次,8次)追施N肥对^(15) N-尿素吸收、利用、损失及0—60cm土层氮素累积动态的影响。结果表明:随着果实的膨大,植株新生器官(叶片、新梢和果实)Ndff值以8次施氮处理最高,1次施氮处理最低;果实成熟期,8次施氮处理^(15) N吸收量分别是2次和1次施氮处理的1.61倍和2.10倍;植株营养器官和生殖器官^(15) N分配率均以8次施氮处理最高,1次施氮处理最低;随时间推移,8次施氮处理0—60cm土层^(15) N残留量逐渐高于2次和1次施氮处理,且主要集中在0—40cm土层;在果实成熟期,8次施氮处理^(15) N肥料利用率为17.65%,显著高于2次(10.99%)和1次施氮处理(8.37%),而^(15) N损失率为47.54%,显著低于2次(59.05%)和1次施氮处理(67.92%)。综合考虑,果实膨大期8次施氮处理效果最佳,可使氮肥在树体需肥的关键期充分发挥作用,能显著降低氮肥损失,保证稳定充足氮素供应,提高氮素利用率。A field experiment was carried out in a six-year apple orchard to explore effects of ^15 N-urea absorption,utilization,loss and residue in the 0—60cm soil layer of the orchard under different topdressing nitrogen applications（once,twice and other eight times）at fruit swollen stage using the ^15 N-labeled tracer method.Results showed that the highest Ndff value of different newborn organs（leaf,new shoots and fruits）were in the treatment received eight-time topdressing nitrogen application, and the lowest were found in the treatment received one-time topdressing nitrogen application at fruit exp and ing stage.At fruit maturity stage,the ^15 N absorption of the treatment received eight-time topdressing nitrogen application were 1.61 times and 2.10 times of the treatment received two-time and one-time nitrogen topdressing application respectively.The highest distribution ratio of ^15 N in vegetative and reproductive organs was in the treatment received eight-time topdressing nitrogen application, and the lowest was in the treatment received one-time topdressing nitrogen application at fruit maturity stage.With the passage of time,the amount of ^15 N residue in 0—60cm soil layer of the treatment received eight-time topdressing nitrogen application was gradually higher than the treatments received two-time and one-time topdressing nitrogen application, and it was found mainly in the 0—40cm soil layer.At fruit maturity stage,the plant ^15 N utilization rate of the treatment received eight-time topdressing nitrogen application was 17.65% ,which was obviously higher than the treatment received two-time（10.99% ） and one-time（8.37% ）topdressing nitrogen application, and ^15 N loss rate the treatment received eight-time topdressing nitrogen application was 47.54% ,which was obviously lower than the treatments received two-time（59.05% ） and one-time（67.92% ）topdressing nitrogen application.In short,all the findings indicated that eight-time topdressing nitrogen application at fruit swollen stage

关 键 词：苹果 分次施氮 ^15 N-尿素 氮素吸收 氮素损失 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]