天津市中心城区居民应急疏散的路径选择  

Research on emergency evacuation route selection of residents in the central city of Tianjin

作　　者：郭鑫 周俊 胡蓓蓓 段佳豪 叶明武[2] 李梦雅[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院,天津300387 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第4期59-65,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41601568);天津师范大学开放基金资助项目(52XK1401)

摘　　要：为了获得受灾居民到避难所总旅行成本最小的疏散路径,以天津市中心城区为例,基于替换插值机制算法,以满足城市避难所容量限制且保持避难场所空间连续性为目标,运用C#语言编写算法划分天津市中心城区公园、广场和绿地等应急避难所的服务区范围;以疏散总距离最短为目标,在不超过容量限制的条件下,确定各受灾点到达对应避难所的最佳路径,并基于SimpleMap自主开发应急疏散分析工具对路径选择进行动态模拟.结果表明:天津市中心城区共有避难所842个,避难总面积为18 802 480.87 m^2,在受灾居民疏散路径分配中有594个容量满员,248个未满员.受灾居民到达避难设施总旅行成本为3 753 036.977 km,与直接插入算法相比,替换插值算法所得结果节约旅行成本59.06%.研究结果为建设城市安全系统、制定灾后应急疏散策略提供了一定的科学参考.In order to obtain the evacuation route to the shelter with the least cost, taken central urban area of Tianjin as anexample, the service areas of emergency shelters including parks, squares and green fields were divided to satisfy the capacitylimit of urban shelters based on the shift-insertion algorithm using C# language. To minimize the total travel distance, the bestroute from crisis locations to the corresponding shelter was decided without exceeding the capacity limits of the emergencyshelters, and a dynamic simulation of route choices was taken by self-analysis tools of emergency evacuation based on SimpleMap.The results show that there are 842 shelters with a total of 18 802 480.87 m2service area in central urban area of Tianjin, ofwhich 594 shelters are full and the other 248 shelters still have some free space after accommodating all evacuees. The totaltravel cost of shift-insertion algorithm is 3 753 036.977 km which is 59.06 less than that of the direct insertion algorithm.The research results provide a scientific reference for the construction of urban safety system and the development of emergency evacuation strategies.

关 键 词：应急避难 路径选择 C#语言 SimpleMap 天津市中心城区 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]