飞越观测卫星的关键参数分析与设计  

Analysis and Design of the Key Parameters of Flyby Observation Satellite

作　　者：钟红恩[1] 刘伟[1] 吴会英 贾艳梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094 [2]中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院,上海201210

出　　处：《载人航天》2017年第5期636-640,共5页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：针对飞越观测卫星对目标有效成像的问题,分析与设计了飞越观测卫星的关键参数——飞越轨道相对于目标的轨道高度差。简要描述了卫星观测视场、目标飞行器(群)尺寸与飞越相对轨道高度差的几何关系;分析了观测图像效果对相对高度差的要求,从图像观测效果要求的角度给定了飞越轨道相对高度差的建议取值范围;最后分析了姿态指向偏差、轨道误差等对相对高度差的要求,分别给出了姿态指向偏差、卫星到达预期位置偏差的误差分解,并进行了仿真分析,提出了在考虑各项误差因素的条件下,为了保证在同一幅照片中获得目标完整景象,建议选择的飞越轨道相对轨道高度差。设计的飞越观测卫星关键参数可以兼顾成像效果、观测视场、姿态指向偏差、到达预期位置偏差等各方面约束,参数值设计合理,能够获得良好的观测收益,增加了飞越观测卫星的在轨应用价值。To solve the effective imaging problem of the flyby observation satellite,the orbit height difference between the flyby observation satellite and the target which was the key parameter of the flyby observation satellite was analyzed and designed. Firstly,the geometric relations among the viewing field of the satellite observation,the size of the target spacecraft（ group） and the relative orbit height difference during flyby were described briefly. Secondly,the requirement of the image observation on the relative height difference was analyzed. From the perspective of the quality of image observation,the recommended value range of the relative orbit height difference was given. Finally,the requirements of the attitude pointing deviation and the orbit error on the relative height difference were analyzed. The error decomposition of the attitude pointing deviation and the expected position deviation was presented respectively. Simulation analysis was conducted. Considering the error factors,the recommended relative orbit height difference was given to ensure that a complete picture of the target can be obtained in the same picture. The designed key parameter of the flyby observation satellite could consider all aspects of the constraints,including the imaging quality,the viewing field,the attitude pointing deviation,and the expected position deviation etc. The parameter value was designed reasonably and good observation results could be obtained which increased the on-orbit application value of the flyby observation satellite.

关 键 词：近距离飞越 姿态指向偏差 轨控误差 误差分析 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]