“帝国基本法”与统治的契约化——契约观念下神圣罗马帝国的“帝国改革”(1500—1521)  

"Fundamental Law of the Empire" and the Contracted Rule:"Imperial Reform" under the Concept of Contract in the Holy Roman Empire(1500-1521)

作　　者：王银宏 Wang Yinhong

机构地区：[1]"2011计划司法文明协同创新中心" [2]中国政法大学法律史学研究院,副教授北京100088

出　　处：《史学月刊》2017年第10期81-90,共10页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：1500-1521年神圣罗马帝国的帝国改革是1495年沃尔姆斯帝国议会所确立的"帝国改革"的继续。"帝国改革"实质上是权力妥协的结果,特别是作为"帝国基本法"的1519年《选举让步协议》,使得帝国皇帝的统治契约化和帝国阶层的政治参与扩大化,促进了帝国权力的制度化和规范化发展。1521年发布的"沃尔姆斯敕令"使更多的宗教因素混入"帝国改革"和帝国宪法的发展。从契约观念的角度,我们可以更好地理解神圣罗马帝国的制度状况以及其"帝国改革"。由于帝国阶层和皇帝都低估了对方的实力,这一时期的"帝国改革"并未取得较多的成果,但是通过"帝国改革",神圣罗马帝国在制度形式上具有了更多的"近代性"。The＂Imperial Reform＂of the Holy Roman Empire（1500-1521）is the continuation of the＂Imperial Reform＂adopted by the Imperial Diet in the City of Worms in 1495（Wormser Reichstag von 1495）.Essentially,the＂Imperial Reform＂is a consequence of the power compromise,especially the Election Capitulation（Wahlkapitulation）in 1519,which is considered to be a fundamental law of the Empire.By means of the＂Imperial Reform＂,the Empire realized the contracted Rule and the political participation of the Imperial Estate（Reichsstnde）to some extent.The Edict of Worms in 1521 caused more religious factors into the＂Imperial Reform＂and the development of the Constitution of the Empire.Viewed from the concept of contract,we may understand the institution and the＂Imperial Reform＂of the Holy Roman Empire better.Because the Holy Roman Emperor and Imperial Estate underestimated each other,the＂Imperial Reform＂has not achieved more results consequently.But by means of the ＂Imperial Reform＂,the institution of the Holy Roman Empire hat more modern factors formally.

关 键 词：神圣罗马帝国 帝国改革 统治契约 权力妥协 帝国基本法 

分 类 号：K516.31[历史地理—历史学]