晚清东北旗籍官兵枪械装备与操演状况考论  

Firearms and Drills of Banner Soldiers in Northeast China in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：付永正[1] Fu Yongzheng

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学满族文化研究所,长春130032

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2017年第10期98-108,共11页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：2017年吉林省科技厅主题引导项目"长白山边疆地区族群变迁与自然环境响应关系研究"(项目编号:20170101012JC);长春师范大学社会科学基金科研平台建设计划项目"清代东北八旗驻防与国家安全研究--以<珲春副都统衙门档>满汉文档案为中心"(长师大社科合字【2015】第012号)阶段性成果

摘　　要：自清咸丰朝以降,东北地区各地方政府及旗籍军官群体,基于备边御敌与地方剿匪的现实需要,大力提倡管下官兵装配与操演新式枪械。一时间,旗籍官兵操用枪械之风骤胜于前代,但军中未全面配用枪械、枪械操演不勤且懈怠生疏、枪械采购操演因经费不足受限等三大问题,仍长期制约着东北地区官兵装备和操演水平的近代化。晚清东北地区面临内部马贼肆虐与外部俄日两国交逼的双重摧残,但清廷未能稳妥地处理好旗民共襄边务和垦务中的矛盾,以致无法实现社会秩序的重新稳固,这是晚清东北旗籍官兵出现枪械装备与操演方面问题的主要原因。Since the reign of Emperor Xianfeng, equipping and exercising modern firearms have been advocated in local governments and among Banner soldiers in Northeast China to defend frontier and suppress bandits. Therefore, exercising firearms was quickly prevailing among Banner soldiers. However, because of the lack of expenditure for purchasing and drill the regular forces of Eight Banners were not overall equipped with firearms and they didn＇t drill frequently. As a result, the modernization of soldiers＇ equipment and drill in Northeast China were restricted for a long time. The Northeast China in the late Qing dynasty was confronted with the dual crises of interior turmoil from rampant bandits and external menace from Russia and Japan, and the Qing Dynasty was unable to deal with conflicts between bannermen and the other civilians in frontier and reclamation affairs to rebuild a stable social order. To a great extent, it was the main reason led to the problems in the equipment and drilling of banner soldiers in Northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：晚清 东北地区 八旗 枪械 

分 类 号：K875.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]