不同施氮下双季稻田白天CO_2交换与叶面积、生物量的相互影响  

Interrelations of CO_2 exchange in daytime, leaf area, and biomass with different nitrogen fertilizers applied in a double-rice cropping system

作　　者：周志花 王斌[1] 李健陵[1] 万运帆[1] 干珠扎布[1] 蔡威威[2] 苏荣瑞 周守华 Muhammad Ahmed Waqas 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [3]湖北省荆州农业气象试验站,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2017年第10期2143-2152,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC02B06)~~

摘　　要：研究缓/控释氮肥、氮肥配施硝化抑制剂和微生物菌剂对稻田生态系统白天CO_2净交换、群体叶面积和生物量的影响及其相互关系,有助于进一步了解这几类新型氮肥对稻田碳同化的促进作用及增产效果。为此于2012—2013年在湖北荆州进行大田试验,设置了五种氮肥处理:常规尿素(CK)、树脂包膜控释尿素(CRU)、尿素添加硝化抑制剂氯甲基吡啶(NU)、尿素添加硝化抑制剂二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、尿素配施微生物菌剂(EM)。采用静态箱-气相色谱法连续观测双季稻生态系统白天的CO_2净交换通量,并在各生育期测定水稻群体的叶面积和地上生物量,分析不同氮肥处理下这些指标的变化。结果表明:水稻生长季稻田生态系统白天表现为CO_2的净吸收,净交换通量受气温、降水等气象要素影响较大,在拔节-抽穗阶段出现较高值。相比普通尿素,新型氮肥在不同程度上提高了稻田CO_2净交换,在单个水稻生长季NU提高了13.2%~51.6%的平均CO_2净吸收通量,其次为CRU提高了9.8%~34.1%。在各生育期,新型氮肥对水稻群体叶面积指数和地上生物量表现出更高的促进效果,其中以CRU最为显著,其最大峰值相比CK分别提高了12.4%~18.6%和9.1%~18.8%。通过回归分析发现,水稻群体叶面积指数与CO_2净吸收通量为线性正相关关系,地上生物量与CO_2净吸收通量为抛物线型关系,这在一定程度上说明了水稻群体生长状况与稻田生态系统CO_2同化速率间的关系。包膜控释尿素、添加硝化抑制剂、添加微生物菌剂有助于提高水稻群体叶面积和生物量,促进稻田生态系统CO_2同化,其中树脂包膜控释尿素效果最佳。Effects of controlled-release urea, nitrification inhibitor, and microbial inoculants on net CO2 exchange, leaf area development,and biomass production in a double-rice cropping system were investigated, for a further understanding of carbon assimilation in rice pad-dies with the application of these new nitrogen fertilizers. Five different fertilizer treatments were set in situ to conduct a 2-year（2012—2013）field experiment in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, i.e. CK：conventional urea, CRU：polymer-coated controlled-release urea, NU：urea containing nitrapyrin, DMPP：urea containing 3,4-dimenthylpyrazole phosphate, and EM：urea combined with effective microorganism inocula. Static chamber gas chromatography was employed to monitor CO2 exchange fluxes in rice paddies in the daytime. Leaf area index and aboveground biomass were also measured during different rice growing stages. The results showed that CO2 was assimilated from air to plants in the daytime during the rice growing season and net CO2 exchange fluxes varied with the change of ambient temperature and precipitation,and attained a peak value at the jointing and heading stages. The application of new nitrogen fertilizers resulted in higher CO2 assimilation rates, of which NU caused an increase of 13.2%-51.6%, followed by CRU at 9.8%-4.1%, each compared to CK（on average）during each rice season. Promotion of leaf area and aboveground biomass were also investigated in different growing stages, and CRU caused the highest increase for the peak values, by 12.4% -18.6% and 9.1% -18.8% respectively. Through regression analysis, a linear positive relationship was found between leaf area and CO2 assimilation rate, and a parabolic relationship was found between aboveground biomass and CO2 assimilation rate. Thus, the application of controlled-release urea, nitrification inhibitor, and microorganisms all contribute to the increase of leaf area and biomass and promote CO2 assimilation in rice paddy ecosystems; controlled-release urea had the best effects.

关 键 词：控释尿素 硝化抑制剂 EM菌 CO2净交换 叶面积 生物量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]