近40年来珠江河口区海岸线时空变化特征及驱动力分析  

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Coastlines and Driving Force Analysis of the Pearl River Estuary in the Past 40 Years

作　　者：刘旭拢 邓孺孺[1] 许剑辉 宫清华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院广东省水环境遥感监测工程技术研究中心广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室,广州510275 [2]广州地理研究所广东省遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室,广州51007

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2017年第10期1336-1345,共10页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：广东省水利科技创新项目(2014-13;2016-08);广东省科技计划项目(2016A020222006;2016A020210059;2017B020216001);广东省自然科学基金项目(S2013010013320)

摘　　要：海岸线对海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积、湿地生态资源、近海海域环境等具有重要的指示作用。利用遥感和GIS技术获取了珠江河口区1973-2015年8期海岸线数据,分析了海岸线长度、类型、空间位置的时空演化特征,提出岸线利用程度指数并定量分析人类活动对岸线的影响,最后对海岸线变化驱动力进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)珠江河口区海岸线长度总体持续增加,岸线变化强度具有阶段性,1990年以前变化缓慢,1990-2000年为变化高峰期,2000年后变化强度减弱;(2)1973-1990年珠江河口区以自然岸线为主,之后人工岸线成为主导岸线类型,建设围堤岸线1973年占总长度的7.09%,2015年所占比例增加到46.49%,在所有岸线类型中变化最大、比例最高;(3)研究期内,珠江河口区海岸线以向海域推进为主,年均速率达到39.10 m/a,鸡啼门-虎跳门段、磨刀门-鸡啼门段和蕉门-洪奇门段为向海延伸的热点区域;(4)40年来岸线利用程度指数稳定上升,1995年前增速较快,之后相对平缓。伶仃洋东岸岸线利用程度增幅最大;(5)口门整治、开发建设和围海养殖等人为活动是珠江口海岸线发生变化的主要原因,自然环境条件、人口和经济的增长以及政策因素是岸线演变的重要驱动力。Coastline change detection is critical for analyzing the rise of sea levels, coastal erosion, harbor siltation, wetland ecological resources, and the offshore environment. Satellite remote sensing technology has a wide application and plays an indispensable role in coastline monitoring. The Pearl River Estuary is one of city groups with the high density population and the most developed economy in China. With the consistent increase of the reclamation and coastal zone exploitation, the coastline changes in the Pearl River Estuary are dramatic. In this paper, a set of Landsat images from 1973 to 2015 were collected to detect the coastline evolutions in the Pearl River Estuary. Firstly, the coastlines were divided into 8 categories and extracted with the aid of remote sensing and geographic information system （GIS） technologies. In addition, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of coastline length, categories, and spatial changes were analyzed during the study period. A coastline utilization index was proposed to determine the impact of human activities. Finally, the driving factors of coastline changes were discussed. The results are as follows： （1） The total length of coastlines in the Pearl River Estuary increased by 135.46 km, which was equivalent to a growth of 3.15 km per year. The artificial coastline increased significantly, with a net increase of 315.94 km in length. The natural coastline constantly declined, with the most decrease in mud coastline. The change intensity of the coastline length showed remarkable periodicity. It was slow before 1990, peaked from 1990 to 2000, and then weakened after 2000. （2） The coastline category was changed from natural coastline to artificial coastline in the study period. The natural coastline was the main coastline category before 1990, but the artificial coastline took the lead position thereafter. Among all coastline categories, the proportion of the construction coastline changed most dynamically, which increased from 7.09% in 1973 to 46.49% in

关 键 词：海岸线 动态演变 遥感监测 人类活动 珠江河口区 

分 类 号：P737.1[天文地球—海洋地质]